FOREST AND STREAM. 
A WEEKLY JOURNAL OF THE ROD AND GUN. 
TERMS, ian 4Yuar. 10 Gra A Copy. i 
Six Montxs, 
NEW YORK, JANUARY 8, 1885. 
VOL, XX11T.—No, 24. 
{ Nos, 39 & 40 Park Row, New Yorks. 
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CONTENTS. 
EDITORIAL. FISHCULTURE. 
Last Season in the Park. The Menhaden, 
THE KENNEL. 
English Kennel Notes,—xxt. 
The Collie Classes. 
The Bull-Terrier Club, 
The Lincoln Memorial Fund. 
Greyhound Judging at N. Y. 
Kennel Management, 
Kennel Notes. 
RIFLE AND TRap SHOOTING, 
Range and Gallery. 
The Trap. 
Forests and Forestry —m. 
THE SPORTSMAN TOURIST, 
Camp Flotsam, 
Only a ede ea 
Natorat Histo 
bird Migration i in the Mississippi 
Valley. 
North American Birds. 
Horns of Female Caribou. 
Arizona Quail in Obio, 
Camp FIRE /’LICKERINGS. 
GAME BAG AND GUN. 
Some Remarkable Shots. 
Illinois Notes, 
Notes from Georgia. 
A Shot from Every Hilltop, 
Adirondack Deer Hunting. 
The Maine Deer Law 
SEA AND RIVER FISHING. 
The Most Killing lies. 
Echoes from the Tournament, 
FISHCELTURE. 
Loch Leven Trout Eggs in 
America. 
The Best Bore for Clays. 
CANOEING. 
Programme of the A C. A. Re- 
gatta, 1885. 
The Spring Meet. 
The Rushton Canoes, 
YACHTING, 
The America Cup 
Length and Sail ON Rule, 
Lead, Beam and Depth. 
ANSWERE TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. 
Withits compact type and in its permanently enlarged form 
of twenty-eight pages this journal furnishes each week a larger 
amount of jirst-class matter relating to angling, shooting, the 
kennel, yachting, canoeing, and kindred subjects, than is con- 
tained tn all other American publications put together. 
LAST SHASON IN THE PARK. 
O ae daily papers contain an interview with the new sup- 
erintendent of the Yellowstone National Park. The 
substance of it is, on the whole, rather favorable. 
The superintendent said that the Park had been visited 
during the past season by a large number of tourists, but not 
by as many as had been expected. There had been several 
causes which had tended to keep visitors away—the Presi- 
dential year, the hard times and the lack of hotel accom- 
modation. The Improvement Company’s hotel had been 
open during the season, but the financial embarrassments of 
the company had interfered with its complete success, A 
great many foreigners, mainly English and German, had 
been attracted to the reservation, and its beauties and won- 
ders were becoming famous abroad. The Park Branch 
Railroad, running from Livingston, on the Northern Pacific, 
has been completed to Cinnabar, a distance of fifty-three 
miles, the latter poiut being distant from the hotel but seven 
miles. Lieutenant Kingman, United States Army, with a 
force of about one hundred men, had been working on the 
roads and trails, and had about finished the road to the lower 
geysers so that wagons could pass in. 
There had been some little trouble with squatters and 
trespassers, but all except two or three of the former had 
been ejected, and the latter had been kept off by the patrol, 
consisting of a force of ten men, who maintained a strict 
watch on intruders of that character. Under the system of 
game preservation, the smaller game is increasing in number, 
and the same may be said of the larger, though owing to the. 
migratory character of the latter, wandering out of the 
boundaries and seeking lower latitudes during the cold 
season, it could not be equally guarded. Cinnamon and 
black bears, elk, deer and antelope and Rocky Mountain. 
sheep are numerous in the Park, anda small herd of buffa- 
loes, about a hundred in number, has passed the summer 
within its borders. Tle season closed about the 16th of 
October, There is now about a foot of snow in the valleys 
Future Interstate Tournaments: 
and from two to three feet in the mountains. An appropria- 
tion of $100,000 will be asked of Congress this winter to 
continue the improvements and keep Lieutenant Kingman 
in the field. 
Most of this reported statement is no doubt true, though 
the assertion that smaller game is increasing in the Park is 
somewhat amusing. There never has been any lack of small 
game there, and probably there is just about as much now in 
the Park as there always has been, Thelaw in relation to 
shooting this small game is not enforeed—cannot be with the 
present force of game protectors—and people kill hares, 
squirrels and birds whenever they can. We know that 
there was considerable goose shooting done last summer on 
the lake, not far from the mouth of Pelican Creek. 
That portion of the public which is especially interested in 
the Park will watch with a great deal of interest the course 
of the new superintendent, Mr. R. E. Carpenter. He is a 
man as yet essentially untried, though he appears to have 
manifested considerable energy in expelling squatters and 
trespassers from the reservation, We hope that he may 
prove to be the right man in the right place. 
FIREARM IMPROVEMENTS.—The patent office reports for 
the year just closed, show that in these quiet times of peace 
there are many ingenious minds pondering over the problem 
of how best to remedy some of the many points of confessed 
inferiority in our present makes of small arms. In both 
sporting and military weapons may be seen the evidence of 
this thought directed toward the production of the coming 
arm. In the large makes of machine guns the changes haye 
been within a very short time past of a most interesting 
character, and with a gun in which the recoil from the first 
cartridge sets the second in place and brings down the strik- 
ing pin, making really an automatic weapon, would leave, 
it would seem, but little more to be done. Of course, much 
that is sought after in the light mitrailleuse is not at all desir- 
able in the class of sporting or personal arms. Yet there are 
points of similarity on which ingenuity might fairly be ex- 
pended. There is an immense amount of encumbering re- 
spect for old notiens which must be swept away before the 
small arm gets to be what it should be. The general plan ig 
to work upon an improvement of an already existing model 
rather than start out with only a ciear notion of the results 
to be reached, with such guidance as may be derived from a 
thorough knowledge of the then existing arms. It would 
seem as though some of the later inventors were indeed 
working in this direction. A tour through the model room 
of the patent office, or a careful perusal of the reports made 
from time to time, and an examinatior of the plates of detail 
would bring ample payment to a trained mind in the sugges- 
tions from efforts made by workers of the past. The newer 
models which we have seen of improved weapons, opens up 
the prospect that the near future will see a marked change 
in the character of weapons used, and that in accuracy, cost 
and ease of transport, the coming arm will be in every way 
more desirable than any now in use. 
SHocTineg CHALLENGES.—For some weeks past the air has 
been full of challenges and paper defiances have been rush- 
ing back and forth in liberal clouds. Champion No. 1, in 
New Orleans, is very anxious to do all sorts of wonderful 
things with the gun before the trap, while champion No. 2, 
away off in the New England section, is equally anxious but 
with a difference in some trifling point, and so the pair never 
meet, Hach goes off with an untrodden coat tail and full of 
the notion that he is the champion shot of the world, and so 
announces himself in and out of season. In fact there are 
so many sorts and styles of shooting that it is difficult to say 
what shall stand as the measuring scale of a good marksman. 
In instituting a comparison between two feats of shooting, 
every detail and condition under which the work was done 
should be considered. If in one essential there is a difference 
ever so slight, proper allowance must be made for it in reach- 
ing a final verdict. It is just here that the difficulty comes in, 
for no man can say as yet precisely what weight should be 
given to each and every variation. So it happens that No. 1 
and No. 2 may go on each after his own heart piling up 
startling records in fair and trick shooting, and yet meeting 
on no common ground where comparison would be possible. 
It is then after all a sort of farce to have these paper ceclar- 
ations of war sent back and forth, each man knows his own 
strong points and his weak points as well, and this knowl- 
edge shows itself in the guarded wording of the challenges. 
If there were an honest desire to have a contest, a meeting 
would be quickly arranged, but so long as there is more 
profit in talk than in fight so Jong will the present style of 
warfare continue... 
FORESTS AND FORESTRY. 
iil. 
HE timber trade of this country has grown to gigantic 
proportions. The pine timber cut alone is estimated at 
twenty billion feet of lumber per annum. Then we have 
shingles, staves, headings, etc., etc., running up to nearly ten 
billion more, representing a. total value of approximately two 
hundred and fifty million dollars. Then comes the fuel con- 
sumption, computed by Prof. Sargent for 1880 at one hun- 
dred and forty-five million cords, with a market value of 
three hundred and twenty-two million dollars, besides char- 
coal to the value of over five millions. These are very sug- 
gestive figures. It is not too much to say that very few 
people have any intelligent conception of billions; of the 
enormous area of land which it would be necessary to con- 
serve as forest for the permunent maintenance of this enorm- 
ous output, or of the shock which the nation would experience 
by the sudden extinction of all the industries depending on 
timber, the raw material of which amounts to six hundred 
million dollars annually. 
On the continent of Europe, where forest culture is an 
industry recognized as scarcely secondary in importance to 
agriculture, it is found that an acre of closely stocked pine 
forest, thinned out as required, and systematically and scien- 
tifically treated for the promotion of its growth, will under 
fair average conditions produce three thousand cubic feet of 
timber—say thirty thousand feet of lumber in a century. 
This is equal to three hundred feet of lumber per acre per 
annum, or two hundred thousand feet per square mile. 
These are well-ascertained data, and safe figures to base our 
calculations on, and at this rate it will be seen that we re- 
quire a hundred thousand square miles of well-stocked pine 
forest under systematic management for the permanent 
maintenance of the present annual output of twenty billion 
feet of timber. For the supply of this vast mass of material 
it would be necessary to effect a total clearance of one 
thousand sqfiare miles of well-stocked pine forest annually, 
and when we consider that over all the pine forests of the 
country (excepting on the Pacific coast) the average crop 
falls below five thousand feet—that is one-sixth of a full 
crop—we reach the conclusion that six thousand square 
miles of country is being stripped annually to keep ‘our 
mills going, and no steps whatever taken to restock it. 
The available stock on which tuese heavy annual drafts 
are being made was computed by Prof. Sargent in 1880 at 
two hundred and sixty billion, of which more than eighty 
billion was Southern pine, thus leaving about one hundred 
and eighty billion of white pine subject toan annual drain 
of twenty billion; and this was four years ago. 
The question suggests itself here, If so large an area of 
country is being stripped annually, does it not restock itself 
with young timber which will be ready for the axe ten, 
twenty and thirty years hence, as required? To this we 
answer, twenty-five or thirty years ago the national stock of 
pine timber was assumably a thousand _ billion feet of lum- 
ber, counting timber of all ages. Since pine timber requires 
a century to reach maturity, such a capital stock could have 
borne a drain of ten billion feet annually without prejudice, 
providing the felling had been conducted systematically, 
and that the necessary measures were taken to secure re- 
stocking of the stripped area. As a matter of fact a system- 
atically managed forest with a capital stock of a thousand 
billion is equal to an annual drain of twenty billions, be- 
cause in such a forest we are able to cut out not only one 
per cent. of all we see before us, but an additional one per 
cent, of the growth of the century, which is or should be 
equal to the original stock, The forests of twenty-five or 
thirty years ago were not equal to the strain of twenty bil- 
lions per annum, because for want of systematic manage- 
ment, gradation in age classes, and requisite thinning, the 
loss from decay generally counterbalances the gain by incre- 
ment. The stock of twenty-five or thirty years ago would 
have borne an anrual drain of ten billion foracentury. If 
during that century the forests had been brought under sys- 
tematic treatment, and reproduction provided for, they would 
have been rendered thereafter permanently equal to the 
strain of twenty billions. The opportunity has bees lost; 
the nation has been blindly spendthrift of its grand inherit- 
ance. 
It is an elementary axiom among foresters, that if a forest 
be subjected to double the strain it is capable of maintaining 
permanently, it will be exhausted in about two-fifths the 
period of rotation. If the area is conseryed and reproduc- 
tion secured, it will recover itself at the close of the rotation, 
but for the latter three-fifths it must have rest. In our case un- 
fortunately the forest area has been contracted, reproduction 
