The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, O. 57 
from the epidermis of the pileas. Hymenophore discrete from the 
Stipe. All terrestrial. 
A, Annulus present. 
a. Volva entire, 1, 2. 
b. Volva circumscissile, 3, 4. 
ce. Volva broken up, 5. 
B. Annulus absent, 6, 7. 
A. Annulus manifest, superior. 
a. Volva dehiscing at the apex; the limb free, persistent. 
J. A. c#sareEus, Scop.—Pileus hemispheric, expanded, somewhat 
orange-color ; the margin striate; the flesh yellowish. Stipe somewhat 
ventricose, flocculose, stuffed with cottony fibres ; the volva and annu- 
lus lax. Lamelle free, luteous, 
In woods. This magnificent Agaric appears to be rare in the Miami 
Valley ; it is not in Lea’s Catalogue ; I have met with it as yet only at 
the “Pinnacles” near Dayton. My figures vary in size, with the pileus 
4-6 in. in diameter, and the stipe 5-8 in. in height. The thick volva is 
about the size of a hen’s egg, and of like shape and color ; it is burst 
at the apex by the growth of the pileus and remains entire about the 
base of the stipe. The pileus is said to vary in color, being found yellow, 
red and copper-color. This is the most showy of Agarics and well de- 
serves the appellation “Fungorum Princeps” ( Katserling, vulgo dictus). 
It has been celebrated as an article of diet from the most ancient times: 
*“Cibus Deorum,” Clus. It was known to the ancient Romans under the 
name “Boletus,” and is said to have had the honor, under Agrippina’s 
orders, and Locusta’s cookery, of poisoning the emperor Claudius ; in 
memory of which event, it is uow called Agaricus cesareus, Czxsar’s 
Agaric. It is the only ancient mushroom which we at once recognize by 
the description of it. Pliny says “ it originates in a volva or purse, in 
which it lies at first concealed as in an egg ; breaking through this, it 
rises upwards on its stalk ; the color of the cap is red ; it takes a week 
to pass through the various stages of its growth and declension,” 
2. A. VERNUS, Fr.—White. Pileus ovate then expanded, somewhat 
depressed, viscid; the margin orbicular, even. Stipe stuffed, then hol- 
low, equal, floccose ; the limb of the volva free and closely sheathing 
the stipe ; annulus reflexed, tumid. Lamelle free. 
The spring Agaric is found in moist woods in spring and early 
summer ; it is quite common. Pileus 2-3 in. in diameter, the stipe 4-6 
