200 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 
LOCOMOTORY APPENDAGES OF TRILOBITES. 
By Joun Micxiesorovuen, Ph. D. 
Principal, Cincinnati Normal School. 
The discoveries and investigations of paleontologists touching the 
question of ambulatory and branchigerous appendages of the Trilo- 
bites, have been entirely ignored by many of the ablest workers in the 
science. The important evidence which Mr. Billings produced was 
unsatisfactory to both Dana and Verrill. In 1881, after many years 
of untiring labor, Mr. C. D. Walcott (in the “‘ Bulletin of the Museum 
of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge College”) furnished most con- 
clusive proof of the existence of appendages to the cephalic, thoracic, 
and abdominal divisions of Calymene, Cecaurus, and Acidaspis. He 
says: “the discoveries have been received in about the same manner” 
as those of Billings and others—with incredulity, and as “‘ having little 
value.”’ 
To confirm the conclusions of these naturalists, who have aed 
the existence of Trilobite legs, and possibly shed some light on the 
character of the ventral surface of these crustaceans, and thereby aid 
in the determination of ichnological specimens, is the object of the 
writer. The conclusions here reached are based upon the work of 
predecessors, and the specimens of Asaphus megistos (Figs, 1 and 3), 
which were found by Mr. James Pugh (they now belong to Mr. David 
McCord), two miles north of Oxford, Ohio, in the upper pete of the 
Hudson River Group. 
Although Ch. Mortimer, as ae as 1750, and Linneeus, in 1753, had 
determined the crustacean character of the Trilobites, at least, in 
zoological affinities, they were placed with Limulus, yet more than a 
century elapsed before any discovery of feet or antennze was made. 
In 1864, Mr. Billings discovered the presence of legs in a specimen of 
Asaphus platycephalus, from the Trenton limestones of Canada. 
To show the distrust in the minds of naturalists, we quote from the 
pamphlet of Mr. C, D. Walcott, page 196: “The instances of the dis 
covery of the animal other than the dorsal shell and hypostoma are 
rare. M. Barrande, in reviewing the reported discoveries made of the 
appendages of the Trilobites to the date of the publication of his 
Volume I., 1852, says: ‘ Unhappily, all the researches have resulted in 
nothing more than the discovery of the pieces of the mouth named 
Hypostoma and Epistoma, and the intestinal canal.’ Again, in his 
supplement to Volume I., 1872, he says: ‘The few scattered observa- 
