NO. 410.] THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. 99 
The occurrence of the bones of the hyena, the reindeer, and 
the hippopotamus in the same caverns at Kirkdale, of the lion 
and northern voles near Paris, of “the mammoth, the woolly 
rhinoceros, horse, ox, reindeer, Arctic fox, lemming, and Pica " 
in the same deposit at Thiede, seems to him ample proof of 
a southern climate, as he is of the opinion that a northern 
species can much easier exist in a southern climate than a 
southern species in a northern one. Dr. Scharff continues 
(p. 74): “If, in a central European deposit, occurs a mixture 
of northern and southern forms of animals, the presence of 
the latter is more remarkable than that of the former. Logi- 
cally, we should look upon the occurrence of southern species 
in the north, therefore, as supporting the view that a mild 
climate had induced them to travel northward." In order to 
show, however, that this “extraordinary mixture of northern 
and southern types of animals" is no indication of a warm 
climate, I will call Dr. Scharff's attention to the fact that we 
have a striking example even at the present day. It may seem 
a paradox to many, yet it is a fact that there is a district in 
eastern Asia where the tiger’ (which we are used to regard 
as much a tropical animal as the lion and the rhinoceros) 
hunts the wild reindeer. That part of Manchuria where this 
“extraordinary mixture’’ occurs has an annual temperature 
of between o and — 2° C. ; in other words, like south Greenland, 
south Labrador, and central Kamchatka. Surely, this woolly 
tiger might easily have lived at Thiede during the glacial 
period at the time of the deposition of the bones of the mam- 
moth, the woolly rhinoceros, etc., and it is just as sure that 
the presence of its tropical bones in the German deposit 
would not prove that central Europe then had a subtropical 
climate, 
It seems to me that Dr. Scharff’s whole train of reasoning 
in this matter rests on a misconception. I have above quoted 
the following axiom of his: «Everybody knows that northern 
and Arctic species can live perfectly well in a temperate 
climate, but that it is almost impossible to acclimatize southern 
animals in an Arctic or even temperate one.” On page 74 he 
1 Felis tigris mongolica (Lesson). 
