No. 411.] NORTHERN APETALOUS FLOWERS. 211 
improvement, and numberless splendid varieties have been pro- 
duced of every shade of red, dotted and striped, or marbled 
and angled with white. In Dianthus barbatus (the sweet- 
william) white and two different shades of red florets may 
occur in the same fascicle, the white turning pink with age. 
Florists also offer pure white and yellow forms, and white and 
yellow varieties bordered with red or purple. Yellow, which 
is well shown in Dianthus, is a comparatively rare color in the 
Caryophyllacez. ` 
THE COLORS or NORTHERN APETALOUS FLOWERS. 
$8| o | x " 
ORDERS. FAMILIES. £a E E ; = i 4 
CIN OE MEUM 
Soa; E l= | me) a | a] oe 
. Piperales . . .| /Saururacee. . . I 1 
Juglandales . Juglandacez 13 13 
Myricales iu ue | M yee 4 4 
= Leitneriacez I I 
Salicales. . . . Salicacex 9 D 4t 43 
Fagales j Betulaceae 7 II 18 
vu | Fagacez 25 25 
Ulmacez 3 4| 7 
Urticales . $ oraceæ 6 | 6 
n Urticaceze 8 8 
Santalales f Loranthaceæ 2 | 2 
x Santalacew . . .| 2| 2 1 | 5 
_Aristolochiales. . | Aristolochiacex . IO | 10 
olygonales . . Polygonacez 33 | 22 § | 11 11 74 
7 ( Chenopodiaceæ 3 I 39 
Àmaranthaceze m4 i 17 
Phytolaccacez 1 I 
Chenopodiales . . |< Nyctaginacez . 1 41.3 8 
am "Aizoacee . . 1 1 2 
Portulacacee . . $1 3] 3 12 
Caryophyllaceer .| 8 | 56 22| 2 88 
Tas . . . .l|msi9o| 51145144 384 
SUMMARY. 
1. The apetalous Choripetala (Saururacea-Aizoacea) are 
of primitive character; and are, or were, autogamous or ane- 
mophilous. In the formation of the dense inflorescence 
