276 THE AMERICAN NATURALLIST. [Vor. XXXV. 
some experimentation, the following apparatus was devised. 
Fig. 1 is a diagram of an enlarging camera with a box in front 
of the lens, at the left in the figure. A circular aperture for 
the passage of light was made in one side of the box, the oppo- 
B C 
d PR BESTE A OBERE 
Fic. 1. — Longitudinal section of enlarging pparatus. B, box; C, paper cylinder; 
P, photographic paper in holder. 
site side being removed. At one side of the aperture (A, Fig. 2) 
a simple cylinder (C, Figs. 1 and 2) of stiff paper just large 
enough to admit a shrike skin was fastened to the outside of 
the box in a nearly horizontal position by a single tack. 
Orientation was then secured for any skin by the following 
simple adjustments: (1) rotation of the skin in the cylinder 
around its longitudinal axis; (2) rotation of the cylinder on the 
axis formed by the tack; (3) moving the skin in the cylinder 
towards or away from the aperture; (4) rotation of the box on 
a vertical axis. 
The apparatus was arranged so that the bill of a shrike was 
about seven inches from the front of the lens and its median 
plane at right angles to the axis of the camera. Strong dif- 
B fused daylight was then 
allowed to pass through 
..4 the aperture of the box 
past the bill, and into 
the lens of the camera, 
as shown by the arrows 
in Fig. 1. In the plate- 
holder at the back of the camera was placed a piece of * velox " 
paper (a rapid printing photographic paper) about 2x3 inches 
Fic, 2. — M Sue te (C) holding bird so that the bill 
s before aperture (4). 
