No412] REVIEWS OF RECENT LITERATURE. 321 
a complete szfus inversus, or, as Kowalewski has termed it, sexual 
amphitypy, in which the arrangement of organs is the mirror image 
of the normal condition. The same anomaly was found to occur in 
the following species in the ratio given: Opisthorchis crassiuscula 
(Rud.) 7: 84, O. poturzycensis (Kow.) rarely; O. albida 16: 68, O. trun- 
cata (Rud.) 6:50, O. felinea (Riv.) 8:100. Other cases from other 
species have been recorded by Stiles and Hassall, and Kowalewski 
regards it as a characteristic of the genus Opisthorchis. If this be 
true, it must still be remembered that it may occur in other genera 
also. Jacoby observed it in Distomum lanceolatum, which is not 
related to Opisthorchis but rather perhaps to D. heterolecithodes. 
The nervous system of Moniezia expansa has been studied by 
Tower (Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Morph., Bd. XII, pp. 359-384, 6 pls.). 
It is noteworthy that the physiological salt solution, so universally 
used, is harmful if the worms remain in it more than an hour. The 
author gives the formule of fluids successfully employed for trans- 
porting the cestodes, for keeping them alive in the laboratory even 
up to five days, and for fixing and staining the nervous tissues. In 
the scolex is present an anterior nerve ring with four small ganglia 
opposite the suckers, a pair of large cephalic ganglia connected with 
the ganglia of the anterior ring by four nerves and surrounded by the 
posterior ring which connects with the lateral lobes of the cephalic 
ganglia, and also by four small nerves with the ganglia of the anterior 
ring. These latter nerves are the beginning of the dorsal and ventral 
longitudinal nerves, while the prominent lateral nerves spring from 
the lateral lobes of the cephalic ganglia. No accessory lateral nerves 
Were present. In each proglottid each lateral nerve bears an anterior 
lateral ganglion near the center and a posterior lateral ganglion near 
the posterior margin. From the former a transverse genital nerve 
arises, and from the latter a bunch of smaller fibers, together with a 
marginal nerve, which is recurrent, and the dorsal and ventral commis- 
Sures which together constitute the nerve ring of each proglottid. 
The Uncinarie of the Canidae and Felidz and the Sclerostominze 
of the Ruminants have been subject to a careful revision by Railliet 
(Arch. Parasitol., Tome III, No. 1, 1900). 
The distomes of the isolated genus Rhopalias St. and H. (Rho- 
Palophorus Dies) have been restudied from Rudophi’s and Diesing’s 
types by Braun (Zool, Anzeiger, Bd. XXIII, pp. 27-29). Three species 
are reported, of which one is new, and the genus appears to be con- 
fined to the marsupials of South America. These forms are closely 
