No. 415.] POSITION OF THE ALCA 547 
his lineal. arrangement Professor Fiirbringer classifies the 
family Alcidz as follows: 
( Charadriidz 
E: Charadrii Glareolidze 
D S Dromadidæ 
B|84 Chionididze 
Charadriornithes := i à ] Laride 
_ 
(Agialornithes) 3) § Ici 
E Thinocoridz 
ul Parre . . . P . . Parridze 
a (Edicnemidz 
Otides 43 0 3 
Loe pee 
The relationships are exhibited more naturally in his “ Phylo- 
genetic Tree," where the offshooting of the various groups 
and subgroups can be much better appreciated, as they are, 
too, in the several sectional projections of the “Tree” he has 
given us. 
Finally, passing over the several attempts of the late Mr. 
Henry Seebohm to classify the class Aves in so far as orders 
and suborders are concerned, and the earlier provisional 
schemes of Dr. R. Bowdler Sharpe, I come to the last one of 
the latter eminent authority as set forth in his Hand-List of 
Birds, published by the British Museum in 1899 (Vol. I, 
P. 130). 
In this scheme the following arrangement has been 
proposed : 
ORDERS FAMILIES SUBFAMILIES 
[ -praceliaiiduE er 
Oceanitinz 
^ Puffininze 
XII. Procellariiformes - ru" Fulmarine 
Pelecanoidide 
Diomedeidz 
| Incerte Sedis. . (Hydrornis) 
XIII. Alciformes . .  Alcidz . : fene : 
Fraterculinz 
Sterninz 
1 Lade. | is Rhynchopinz 
XIV. Lariformes 4 Dead 
Stercorariide 
1 Incerte Sedis (Halcyornis) 
