784 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. (Vor. XXXV. 
Mosquitoes. — Dr. Howard's well-known interest in and practical 
studies of mosquitoes take form in a volume! that will be of great 
value to naturalists, physicians, and municipalities. After a brief 
introduction he treats, in turn, with mosquitoes in general, malaria 
and mosquitoes, the common mosquitoes of the genus Culex, the 
malarial mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles, mosquitoes and yellow 
fever, mosquitoes and filiariasis, other genera of North American 
mosquitoes, natural enemies of mosquitoes, remedies against mos- 
quitoes, how to collect and preserve mosquitoes, and the. classifica- 
tion of the United States mosquitoes. 
Dr. Howard's style is clear and direct, though a little inclined to 
redundancy and to repetition. An occasional lack of precision of 
expression and of accuracy may be noted ; mosquitoes, for instance, 
being held to include species that are not Culicidz, and again to 
exclude forms always comprised within that family. Chapter VI, 
dealing with genera of North American mosquitoes other than 
Culex and Anopheles, mentions six *genera known to occur in the 
United States," but considers and refers to seven! 
'The illustrations are excellent; a few are original, but the greater 
number from the facile pencil of Miss Sullivan appeared in the 
Author's Notes in 1900. Figure 42 does not represent Aédes fuscus, 
and in the Notes was attributed to 4. sapphirinus. 
S TIE 
BOTANY. 
Bergen's Foundations of Botany? is virtually a much-improved 
and enlarged edition of the author's Elements of Botany, which has 
been one of the most successful of recent elementary text-books. 
The author's intimate knowledge of the needs and limitations of 
high schools, gained by long experience as a teacher, is shown even 
more effectively in the present volume than in its predecessor, for the 
publishers have done their part much better than before, improving 
the illustrations as well as adding largely to their number and in 
other ways doing fuller justice to the plan of the book. 
! Howard, L. O. Mosquitoes. How they live; how they carry disease p 
they are classified ; how they may be destroyed. New York, McClure, Phillips 
& Co., 1901. xv + 241 pp. pl., 50 figs. : 
? Bergen, Joseph Y., Instructor in Biology, English High School Bostol™ 
Foundations of Botany. Boston, Ginn & Company, 1901. 12mo. ii + 412 + 
257 pp. 12 pls., 306 figs. 
