No. 420.] PROOF OF BLOOD-RELA TIONSHIP. IO2I 
these animals belonging to different families. The blood of 
the rabbit is equivalent only to that of the hare, of all the 
animals experimented upon. 
Of Perissodactyls, serum of either the horse or ass is inac- 
tive toward corpuscles of the other, but horse serum dissolves 
corpuscles of the rabbit, guinea-pig, calf, lamb, and man. 
Of Artiodactyls, the serum of either the ox or swine dis- 
solves corpuscles of the other, and both dissolve corpuscles of 
the dog, cat, horse, rabbit, and man. 
Of Carnivora, the blood of the dog, fox, and wolf is equiva- 
lent, but serum of either the dog or cat dissolves corpuscles of 
the other. The serum of either the cat, ocelot, or jaguar is 
inactive toward corpuscles of the other two animals, but cat 
serum dissolved the corpuscles of all the other mammals 
tried. 
Finally, among primates, human serum dissolves the cor- 
puscles of fishes, frog, snakes, pigeon, fowl, night-heron, horse, 
swine, ox, rabbit, guinea-pig, dog, cat, hedgehog, and lemur. 
The effect of human serum was tried upon the blood of six 
species of apes (the platyrhines, Pithesciurus sciureus, Ateles 
ater; the catarrhines, Cynocephalus babuin, Macacus Sinicus, 
Macacus cynomolgus, and Rhesus nemestrinus, at the Berlin 
Zoólogical Garden). In all cases the human serum dissolved 
the ape corpuscles. The serum of Macacus had no effect upon 
the blood of some persons, while the blood of others was quickly 
dissolved by it. 
Among the true anthropoid apes is first found blood which 
is physiologically equivalent to that of man. To 5 c.cm. of 
transparent human serum was added a drop of blood from the 
finger-tip of an orang-outang, and in another case from a 
gibbon, both young animals from the Berlin Zoólogical Garden. 
After twelve hours the red corpuscles were separated from the 
serum by the centrifuge, apparently having suffered no change, 
while the serum remained free from color. In three experi- 
ments, where 10 to 20 c.cm. of fresh, defibrinated human 
blood was injected into the veins of Macacus cynomolgus or 
a small quantity of hemoglobin appeared 
Macacus sinicus, only à 
m ás a 
in the urine, — scarcely more than is found in the seru 
