35 



The following analysis of the value of superhay is based on requirlenient 

 3. In order to gain 0. 75 to 1 pound per day, calves weighing between 400 

 and 550 pounds should receive approximately 11.7 pounds of hay with a crude 

 protein content of 10. 2 percent. On this basis, the values determined here 

 are ^higher than the average value assignable to superhay because of the method 

 used. 



A practical question at this point is, "What is the most economical nutri- 

 tional level, or winter gain, for weaner calves when one takes into consid- 

 eration the following sunamer gains on range or pastures"? Enough research 

 work has been done on this to permit generalization. It is generally conceded 

 that calves must be fed sparingly in winter so they will not gain more than 

 0. 50 to 1 pound per day in order to obtain the most economical gains the 

 following summer from nonirrigated pastures. 12 / Kincaid, et al (1945), and 

 Potter and Withycombe (1926) have presented results to indicate that for each 

 pound calves gain during the winter feeding period, the gain during the grazing 

 period will be from 0. 42 to 0. 58 pound less. However, Ruby, et al (1948), 

 has found that increased winter gains resulted in increased total gains, despite 

 the negative correlation existing between winter and summer gains. 



Heinemann and Van Keuren 13^/ found that there was no significant differ- 

 ence in the overall rate of gain between calves on medium and high winter 

 nutritional levels. In this instance, nutritional levels refer to the protein 

 level, and not the amount of TDN's available. The calves on the naedium 



12 / Black, W. H. Wintering Beef Cattle in the Appalachian Region. U. S. 

 Dept. Agr. Cir. 408, 12 pp., illus. 1927. Connell, W. E. , Wheeler, S. S. , 

 and Tom, R. C. The Effect of Winter Supplementation on Subsequent Gains 

 of Beef Steers on Grass and in the Fattening Lot. Jour. Anim.. Sci. 7: 430- 

 433. 1948. Kincaid, C. M. , Litton, G. W. , and Hunt, R. E. Some Factors 

 That Influence the Production of Steers From Pasture. Jour. Anim . Sci. 

 4: 164-173. 1945. Mott, G. O. , Smith, R. E. , McVey, W. M. , and Beeson, 

 W. M. Grazing Trials With Beef Cattle at Miller -Purdue Memorial Farm. 

 Ind. (Purdue) Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 581, 16 pp. 1952.. Potter, E. L. , and 

 Withycombe, R. Wintering Stock Steers. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bill 224, 

 15 pp., illus. 1926. Ruby, E. S. , Blunn, C. T. , Brouse, E. M. , and Baker, 

 M. L. Relation of Initial Weights and Subsequent Gains of Weanling Calves. 

 Jour. Anim. Sci. 7: 279-282. 1948. Sheets, E. W. Influence of Winter 

 Rations on the Growth of Steers on Pasture. U. S. Dept, Agr. Cir. 166, 

 11 pp., illus. 1921. 



13 / Heinemann, W. W. , and Van Keuren, R. W. ^he Effect of Wintering 

 Plane of Nutrition on Subsequent Gains of Beef Yearling Steers on Irrigated 

 Pastures. Jour. Anim. Sci. 15(4): 1097-1102. 1956. 



