84. 
1961, Ventilation of Fruit Containers to Facilitate Cooling. Ontario 
Hort. Expt. Sta. Rpt., 1959-60: 115-121, 
85o. Lsiprush, Ro Yo 
1962. Storage of Apples in Cardboard Containers. (Rus.) Sadov. Vinograd. 
i Vinodel. Moldavii 1962(3) :21-23. 
86. Ulrich, Re 
1955. La Physiologie des Fruits en Emballage, Fruits d'Outre Mer 10: 
369=3i7 he 
87. Uptmoor, J. Ho 
1962. Apples in Small Packages (translated title). Obstbauberatungsring. 
Mittbl. 17(3) :48-50. 
88. Wallace, W. H., and Taylor, F. R. 
1954. Prepackaging Fresh Fruits and Vegetables, R. I. Agr. Expt. Sta. 
Bul, -158,..95) pps 
89. Woodward, H. C. 
1953. Containers for Shipping Apples. Maine Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 521, 
19 ppo 
FILM BOX LINERS AND PALLET COVERS 
There has been much interest since 1945 in possible use of various 
moisture-retentive films to aid quality preservation of fruit during storage. 
Early research was aimed primarily at evaluating films for reducing transpira- 
tion losses from apples. McMahon (49) found that wax emulsions were much less 
effective than several kinds of film in preventing moisture loss from Golden 
Delicious apples. L/ Box liners with lapped, sealed corners were more effective 
than those with open corners. 
About 1950 Gerhardt (16) began testing polyethylene film for pears and 
Golden Delicious apples at Wenatchee, Wash. Polyethylene was relatively inex- 
pensive and had several desirable physical and chemical characteristics not 
possessed by other moisture-retentive films. Gerhardt found that the appearance 
and dessert quality of Golden Delicious apples in sealed film liners of 1.5-mil 
(.0015 inch) polyethylene and Pliofilms 80 FMI and 80 HP after prolonged storage 
were still excellent. Shriveling was eliminated. He recommended that film 
liners be perforated or slit open on removal from storage to prevent possible 
injury to the fruit from inadequate gas exchange at higher temperatures. 
Limited commercial use of polyethylene liners started in 1952 (17). 
Since then use of polyethylene liners to prevent shriveling of Golden Delicious 
has expanded to other sections of the United States and to some other countries. 
Nicolaisen-Scupin (54), Hardenburg, Schomer, and Uota (30), Heinze and Harden- 
burg (32), and Goidanich and Pratella (18) have published reviews on the use of 
polyethylene for produce packaging. 
1/ Underscored numbers in parentheses refer to Literature Cited, Po DS 
50 
