A REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON 
HARVESTING, HANDLING, STORAGE, AND TRANSPORTATION OF APPLES 
A digest of contributions to the knowledge of biological phases " 
f the subject published from 1945 through 1963 4 es 
OEE Chess UICC esp ub Seer Cima allot ‘ 
Prepared by the Market Quality Researe! Division 
Agricultural Research Service 2 
INTRODUCTION 
This report is a digest of recent pepcrapere pertaining to the biologi- 
cal and physical aspects of marketing apples. 3/ The economic phases of 
marketing are not included in this report; they are reviewed in "Apple Market- 
ing--A Review of Economic Research, 1945-1960,"' ERS-140, by Alfred J. Burns, 
George R. Rockwell, Jr., and Elton Thigpen, published by the U, S. Department 
of Agriculture in October 1963. Literature pertaining to engineering and 
market facilities are also largely excluded from this report. A few references 
relating to costs, engineering, and market facilities are discussed when they 
have a direct relationship to the subject being reviewed. 
This report was requested by the Marketing Research Committee of the 
National Apple Institute to assist the industry, research workers, and public 
agencies in planning apple marketing research, 
1/ A few earlier citations that seemed pertinent for the sake of con- 
tinuity are included. 
2/ This review was prepared by the following staff members of the 
Market Quality Research Division: 
Harvest maturity, by J. N, Yeatman. 
Harvesting, handling, grading, and packing; waxes and skin coatings; 
shipping containers and consumer packaging; and film box liners and pallet 
covers, by R. E. Hardenburg. 
Storage (general); preharvest effects on storage quality; precooling 
and temperature effects during storage; controlled-atmosphere storage; and 
volatiles and atmosphere purification in storage, by R. E. Anderson. 
Ripening and composition, by P. H. Heinze. 
Transportation, by W. H. Redit. 
Terminal market handling and bruise control, by W. E. Tolle. 
Market diseases, by L. P. McColloch and J, N, Yeatman. 
Scald, by R. E. Hardenburg,. 
3/ Trade names as used in this publication are solely to provide 
specific information. Mention of a trade name does not constitute a guarantee 
or warranty and does not signify that the product is approved to the exclusion 
of other comparable products. 
