in cardboard containers could be cooled as rapidly as apples in standard wood 
boxes if adequate spacing were provided. He (11) later reported that apples 
packed in containers that were stacked solid on pallets took twice as long to 
cool to 32° F. as apples in similar containers stacked loosely; the equilibrium 
temperature of the fruit in the solid stack was 1/2 degree higher than it was 
in the loosely stacked load. Olsen, Patchen, and Schomer (31) found proper 
spacing of stacks of fiberboard boxes of apples to be the most important factor 
in satisfactory cooling. Herrick, et al. (24) and Patchen and Sainsbury (37) 
found that apples stored in pallet boxes cooled as well as or better than those 
stored in standard boxes on pallets. For adequate cooling of apples in pallet 
boxes it has been suggested (24, 36, 37) that 8 to 11 percent of either the 
side or bottom of the pallet be vented, that the pallet boxes be stacked paral- 
lel to the airflow, and that a 4- to 6-inch air space be provided between rows 
and a 6-inch space along all walls. 
Fisher and Smith (12) reported that apples placed in storage as they 
came in from the orchard, in open bushel baskets without any packing materials 
cooled to 32° F, from 63° in 18 hours whilé it took 10 days for apples to cool 
from 70° to 32,5° when they were packed in lined baskets with a pad under the 
lid and shredded oiled paper distributed throughout the container. (See also 
By 2) 0285, 29,1 3057545459; 61.) 
Literature Cited for Precooling and Temperature Effects During Storage 
1. Blanpied, G. D. 
1955. A Study of Hydrocooling Apple Fruits. Cornell Univ. M.S. Thesis, 
Cornell Univ. Library. 
1957, The Effect of Cooling Rate on the Market Quality of McIntosh 
Apples. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. Proc. 70:58-66. 
3. Cankowa-Panowa, R. 
1961. ~ Storing of Apples of King of the Pippins and Bosokoop Varieties 
Harvested at Different Dates and Treated in Different Ways Before Placing 
Them in Cold or Common Storage. Szkola Glowna Gosp. Wiejsk. Ogrod. 2: 
3-23. Warsaw. (English summary). 
4, Christopher, E. P., Pieniazek, S. A., Shutak, V., and McElroy, L: 
1948, Transpiration of Apples in Cold Storage, Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 
Proc, Sisll4-118. 
5. Claypool, L. L., Nelson, K. E., and Hewitt, V. J. 
1962. Storage of Apples, Pears, Grapes, and Bananas, Amer. Soc. of 
Heating, Refrig., and Air-Cond. Engrs. Guide and Data Book Chap. 47, 
pp. 495-508, 
6. Comin, D., Junnila, W., and Ellenwood, C. W. 
1944, The Loss of Moisture and Shrivelling in Apples in Storage. Ohio 
Agr. Expt. Sta. Bimonthly Bul. 29:246. 
ic Dewey, Dic He 
1950. Air Blast and Vacuum Cooling of Vegetables and Fruits, PhD. Thesis. 
Cornell Univ. 
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