ethylene greatly exceeded that of the nonethylenic volatiles in gas storages, 
He later reported (27) that gas storage conditions reduced the rate of evolu- 
tion of volatiles from the fruit. Johansson (40) found the ethylene concentra- 
tion to range from 24.2 to 30./ mg. per cu. ft. of storage atmosphere in a 
1,400-bushel CA room filled with McIntosh. Potter and Griffiths (80) found the 
rate of evolution of volatiles to be reduced in an atmosphere of 10 percent CO, 
and 5 percent 05. Meigh (54) found all volatiles to be produced at a greater 
rate in air than in gas storage. Potter and Griffiths (80) also found that when 
the 0, level was reduced to 5 percent at 15° C. (59° F.) ethylene production 
was greatly increased for the first 40 days, and its subsequent decline was 
more rapid than in air at the same temperature, At the same time the odorous 
fraction was correspondingly reduced. Meigh (54) found no correlation between 
the high rate of evolution of volatile substances of some apple varieties and 
the development of scald, Fidler (27) filtered the volatiles from the atmos- 
phere but still could not control scald as well as oil wraps could in an unfil- 
tered atmosphere. Southwick (91), however, found scald to be more severe in a 
year when volatile production was greater. This was also reported by Griffiths 
and Potter (31) in their work on King Edward apples. Indications that volatiles 
are implicated in scald development are also contained in a work by Hall, Scott 
and Riley (37), who found scald was reduced by increased ventilation in either 
regular or gas storages. The effects of ethylene on respiration of apple fruits 
in gas storage was found to be quite variable by Griffiths and Potter (32). 
The respiratory activity of some fruits was decreased and that of others was 
increased. 
Modified Atmospheres in Plastic Film 
Much work has been done with plastic films as storage containers for 
apples and other produce. This type of material, when left unperforated, 
modifies the atmosphere surrounding the commodity. However, the atmosphere is 
not controlled, and this may prove to be very undesirable as low 0, or high CO, 
levels may develop and injury occur. Smock and Blanpied (89), in comparing CA 
storage and film liners for storage of apples, concluded that CA storage was 
safer than sealed film liners were. 
Chace, Dewey, and Pflug in 1957 (15) reported the results of a test in 
which vinyl plastic film was used to forma "tent" within a regular cold storage 
room, This tent held 2,460 bushels of McIntosh apples and satisfactorily main- 
tained an atmosphere of 5 percent CO» and 3 percent 0, for a 6 1/2 months' 
storage period, Eaves (22, 25) also investigated the possibilities of using 
plastic CA storage units within an existing cold storage room. He describes 
construction, operations, and costs of a 1,000 box unit. Three similar units 
were successfully operated during the 1959-60 season. 
Significant contributions on the use of plastic films as storage con- 
tainers for fruit have also been made by Eaves (24), Leblond (46) and Tolle 
(97). These and related subject material are discussed in greater detail in 
the section "Film Box Liners and Pallet Covers," 
Sil 
