Recent research, both in the United States and abroad, emphasizes the 
effectiveness of fungicidal sprays in the orchard in reducing or controlling 
bull’ s=eve ‘rot aftervharvest Gls ,128 6205 G2, U2 OZ AC Lod). 
The use of chemical found lat lonee ineludine Siches sodium chlorortho- 
phenylphenate (51) or sodium orthophenylphenate (82) as a postharvest dip of 
apples and pears has not been effective as a control of bull's-eye rot. 
Bull's-eye rot may develop at cold storage temperatures or after the 
apples are removed from storage. The infection can occur through injuries, 
but usually occurs through open lenticels. By the periodic loading of fruits 
with spores after harvest, Edney (48) showed that fruit resistance declined 
with the length of storage. In some countries the rot is known as "ripe spot" 
(28). 
ae Pierson (132) points out that tree props and rainy weather may interfere 
with fall spraying and thus permit late season infection. To aid in the orderly 
marketing of fruits suspected of having incipient infection, Pierson (132) 
developed a technique for forecasting bull's-eye rot. The technique consisted 
of holding grower-lot samples at temperatures of 65° to 80° F. under high 
humidity and thereby speeding up the development of rot. Apples considered to 
be a poor long-term storage risk could then be marketed before decay developed. 
Gray Mold Rot (Botrytis cinerea Per. ex Fr. 
Gray mold rot may occur wherever apples are grown. In general, the 
disease is not a problem of stored apples in the Northwest, except at times in 
the humid districts. 
In the eastern United States gray mold rot has in the past been an im- 
portant disease of stored apples (142). However, there has been a reduction of 
gray mold rot on stored apples in recent years. Possibly the protective action 
of some of the organic fungicides currently used as cover sprays is carried 
over into the storage period. 
Investigators in the Northwest have reported (51, 83, 133) effective 
control of gray mold rot on pears by chemical treatment after harvest. Similar 
studies on apples have not been made. 
Miscellaneous Storage Rots 
Gloeosporium Rots (Gloeosporium spp.).--The gloeosporium rots in the 
United States are known by their common names as bitter rot (Glomorella 
cingulata (Ston.) Spauld. & Schrenk) and bull's-eye rot (Neofabraea perennans 
Kienh. or Neofabraea malicorticis Jacks.). Bitter rot occurs east of the Great 
Plains, especially in hot, humid areas, It is primarily an orchard disease and 
its control depends on an effective spray program. Bitter rot is occasionally 
found on apples in storage or during marketing where the apples failed to cool 
quickly and incipient infections developed decay. The fungus makes little 
growth at 50° F. or below. 
Bull's-eye rot occurs primarily in the Pacific Northwest, but has been 
reported from certain other States. (See Bull's-eye Rot, p. 163.) 
A storage rot of apples caused by Gloeosporium album Osterw. was first 
reported in Germany in 1907. Since then the disease has been reported as an 
important cause of loss of stored apples from most apple-growing countries of 
Europe. In addition, the disease has been reported from Australia, New Zealand, 
South Africa, and Canada. 
164 
