TESTS 277 



all have the same general plan of digestion system, the same kinds 

 of circulatory, respiratory, and excreting systems, although here 

 more variations are evident among the fishes, amphibians, and 

 mammals. Even the nervous system, which seemingly ought to 

 show very great changes in structure, is not as different as one 

 might expect. Moreover, if you compare the skeleton of an ape 

 with that of man, you notice some striking likenesses which set 

 their two skeletons off from those of the other vertebrates. Both 

 show a more or less upright posture ; they both have well-marked 

 fingers and toes ; the general shape of the head is similar, the 

 pectoral and pelvic girdles are markedly alike, and a detailed 

 study would show many other similarities. If we follow the same 

 principles for the study of relationships here as we have in other 

 animals, we are forced to the conclusion of a close structural re- 

 lationship between the apes and man. 



Self-Testing Exercise 



Man is a (1) because he has a backbone. Man is a 



(2) because he has hair, and the (3) are nourished 



by (4) secreted by the (5) (6). He is a 



(7) and must be placed anatomically with the (8). 



This does not mean he is (9) from the (10), for 



man has existed in a (11) state for (12), perhaps 



(13) of thousands of years. 



Review Summary 



Test your knowledge of the unit by: (1) rechecking the survey questions; 

 (2) performing all the assigned exercises ; (3) checking with the teacher your 

 answers on the various tests and trying again the ones you missed; and, 

 finally, (4) making an outline and filling it in as fully as possible for your note- 

 book. 



Test on Fundamental Concepts 



In a vertical column under the heading CORRECT write the numbers of all statements you 

 believe are true. In another column under INCORRECT write numbers of untrue state- 

 ' ments. Your grade = number of right answers X 2. 



I. Classification of living things is based: (1) upon likeness and 



' differences in structure; (2) upon relationships shown by analogies 



I in use uf parts ; (3) upon relationships shown by homologies in struc- 



i ture ; (4) upon the place where they live ; (5) on the way in which 



they grow. 



H. BIO — 19 



