532 MAN CONTROLS HIS ENVIRONMENT FOR WEALTH 



shells into the water to provide places of attachment for the } T oung 

 oysters. 



In some parts of Europe and of this country where oysters are 

 raised artificially, stakes or brush are sunk in shallow water so 

 that the young oysters, after the free-swimming stage, may find 

 some object to which they can fasten and escape the danger of 

 smothering in the mud on the bottom. After the oysters are a 

 year or two old, they are taken up and transplanted in deeper water 



In some places, oysters are gathered by means of long-handled tongs. In other places, 



dredges are used. 



suitable for growth. At the age of three or four years they are 

 ready for the market. 



Clams and scallops. Other mollusks used for food are clams 

 and scallops. Two species of the former are known : one as the 

 " round," another as the " long " or " soft-shelled " clam. The 

 former (Venus mercenaria) was called by the Indians " quahog," 

 and is still so called in the Eastern States. The blue area of its 

 shell was used by the Indians to make wampum, or money. The 

 quahog is now extensively used as food. The " long " clam (My a 

 arenaria) is considered better than the round clam for food by the 

 inhabitants of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. This clam was 

 highly prized as food by the Indians. It has been introduced on 



