ROBERT KOCH 



663 



more than that, it was the place where Roux (roo), a fellow worker 

 with Pasteur, discovered the antitoxin for diphtheria, which has 

 saved thousands of human lives. There also were established the 

 principles of inoculation against bubonic plague, lockjaw, and 

 other germ diseases. 



Pasteur died in 1895 at the age of seventy-three, beloved by 

 his countrymen and honored by the entire world. 



Robert Koch. Another name associated with the battle against 

 disease germs is that of Robert Koch (kok). Born in Germany, 

 in 1843, he later became a 

 practicing physician, and 

 about 1880 was called to 

 Berlin to become a member 

 of the sanitary commission 

 and professor in the school 

 of medicine. In 1881 he 

 discovered the germ that 

 causes tuberculosis and 

 two years later the germ 

 that causes Asiatic cholera. 

 His later work was directed 

 toward the discovery of a 

 cure for tuberculosis and 

 for other germ diseases. 

 He died in 1910. 



Lister and antiseptic 

 treatment of wounds. A 

 fourth great benefactor of 

 mankind was Sir Joseph 

 Lister, an Englishman who 

 lived from 1827 to 1912. 

 As a professor of surgery he first used antiseptics in the operating 

 room. By the use of carbolic acid and other antiseptics on the 

 surface of wounds, on instruments, and on the hands and clothing 

 of the operating surgeons, germs were prevented from infecting the 

 wounds. This single discovery has done more to prevent death 

 after operations than any other of recent time. 



Culver Service 

 Lord Lister. What has resulted from Lister's dis- 

 covery of the use of antiseptics ? 



