GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS 



679 



Fossils : petrified remains or impres- 

 sions of living things of past ages. 



Frond : leaf of a fern. 



Fruit : a ripened ovary together with 

 any parts of the flower adhering to 

 it. 



Function (funk'sMn) : the normal 

 action of an organ or organs. 



Fungi (fun'ji) : plants without true 

 roots or stems, containing no chlo- 

 rophyll and depending upon organic 

 food for their nourishment. 



Gamete (gam'et) : a sex cell. 



Gametophyte (gd me'to fit) : a stage 

 in the life history of a moss or fern 

 in which sex cells are produced. 



Ganglion (gan'gli on) (pi. Ganglia) : a 

 group of nerve cells situated out- 

 side of the brain or spinal column. 



Gastric (gas'trik) glands : digestive 

 glands found in the walls of the 

 stomach. 



Gastropod (gas'tro pod) : a mollusk 

 with univalve or no shell. 



Gastrula (gas'troo Id) : a cuplike 

 structure formed by the invagina- 

 tion or turning in of the blastula. 



Genes : elements in the chromosomes 

 of the germ cells which carry the 

 hereditary traits. 



Genetics (je net'iks) : the study of 

 heredity. 



Geotropism (je ot'ro piz'm) : response 

 to gravity. 



Germ cells : eggs or sperm cells. 



Germination (jur'ml na'sh&n) : the 

 beginning of growth in a seed or a 

 pollen grain. 



Gill rakers : small spinelike structures 

 attached to gill arches of fish which 

 prevent escape of food. 



Gills : breathing organs for use in 

 water. 



Gland : an organ which secretes mate- 

 rial to be used in or excreted from 

 the body. 



Glomeruli (glo mer'oo li ) : bunches of 

 looped capillaries in the kidneys in 

 which the blood loses its urea. 



Glycogen (gll'ko jen) : animal starch, 

 found in the liver. 



Guard cells : epidermal cells, found on 

 each side of a stoma. 



Gullet (gtil'fit) : a muscular canal 



extending from the pharynx to the 

 stomach ; the esophagus. 

 Gymnosperm (jmi'no spurm) : plants 

 having seeds not enclosed in an 

 ovary. 



Habit : an acquired reflex act involv- 

 ing no thought. 



Haemoglobin (he'mo glo'bm) : red col- 

 oring matter of the blood. 



Hemolysin (he'mo li'sm) : sub- 

 stance in blood which destroys 

 foreign red corpuscles. 



Heliotropism (he'll ot'ro piz'm) : re- 

 sponse to sunlight. 



Hemiptera (he mip'ter a) : the order of 

 insects to which the bugs (half 

 wing) belong. 



Heredity (he rgd'i ti) : transmission of 

 qualities from parent to child. 



Hermaphroditic (her maf 'ro dlt'Ik) : 

 having both male and female sex 

 organs. 



Hilum (hi'Hhn) : a scar on the testa 

 left where the seed was attached to 

 the pod. 



Homology : likeness in structure and 

 position. 



Homoptera (ho mop'ter a) : the order 

 of insects to which plant lice and 

 scale insects (similar wings) belong. 



Hookworm: parasitic worm which 

 " hooks " itself to the wall of the 

 intestine. 



Hormones (hor'monz) : substances 

 produced by some of the glands of 

 the body, which stimulate certain 

 physiological activities. 



Host : an animal or plant furnishing 

 food to a parasite. 



Humus (hu'mfts) : vegetable mold, a 

 black or dark colored substance 

 formed by the decay of organic 

 substances in the soil. 



Hybrid (hl'brld) : the offspring of 

 parents which have specific differ- 

 ences. 



Hydrogen (hi'dro jen) : a gaseous 

 element found in water and many 

 other compounds. 



Hygiene (hi'ji en) : a study of the 

 preservation of health. 



Hymenoptera (hi'men 6p'ter a) : order 

 of insects to which bees and wasps 

 (membrane wings) belong. 



