INDEX 



Abilities, families of inferior, 637 ; fam- 

 ilies of superior, 638-639 ; needed for 

 commercial life, 647-648 ; needed for 

 professions, 647 ; needed for trades, 

 648 



Absorption, 147; from large intestine, 

 377-379; from small intestine, 379, 

 380 



Accommodation, of eye, 441 



Acidosis, prevention of, 339 



Acquired reactions, 443 



Active immunity, acquired, 476-477 ; 

 mechanism of, 481 ; vaccination 

 against smallpox, 479-480 



Activities, acquired automatic, 443 ; 

 inborn automatic, 442 ; reflex, 428 



Adam's apple, 403 



Adaptability, of living things, 50-52 



Adaptation, 40-52 ; a function of living 

 things, 50-52 



Adaptations, for seed dispersal, 108-111 ; 

 of birds, 260-263 ; of fishes, 243 ; of 

 frogs, 250 ; of turtles, 256-257 



Adaptive responses, meaning of, 426 



Adenoids, 408, 510 



Adrenal glands, effect of secretion, 393 ; 

 location of, 392 



Adrenaline, 393 ; use of, 393 



Adrenin, effect on body, 393 



Adulteration, of foods, 348-350 



Aedes, yellow fever mosquito, 487-488 



Agassiz, Louis, pioneer in natural history, 

 668 



Age and size, relation of diet to, 338 



Agencies, of health, 507-511 



Agglutination test, 390-391 



Agglutinins, antibodies, 390 



Agriculture, bacteria in, 187-189: pro- 

 fession, 651-652 



Air, composition of expired, 404 ; com- 

 position of inspired, 404 ; in lungs, 

 407 ; needed by plants for making 

 carbohydrates, 157-158; needed for 

 germination, 121 



Air sacs, in lungs, 403 



Air tubes, 403-404 



Alcohol, and susceptibility to disease, 

 353; dangers from, 352-353; death 

 rates from, 353-354 ; economic effect 

 of drinking, 449 ; effect on blood, 402 ; 

 effect on mortality of offspring, 353 ; 

 relation to crime, 450 ; relation to 

 efficiency, 449-450 ; relation to pau- 

 perism, 450-451 



Algae, 200-202 ; characteristics of, 200- 

 201 ; examples of, 201-202 



Alimentary canal. See Digestive tract. 



Alligators, 259 



Alternation of generation, of ferns, 204- 

 205 ; of mosses, 203 



Amino acids, 329-330 



Amoeba, 217-219 ; demonstration to 

 show, 217 ; life processes of, 218-219 



Amphibians, 250-255 ; characteristics 

 of, 255 ; classification of, 255 ; used as 

 food, 535 



Amylase, an enzyme, 374 



Anaesthesia, Dr. Morton and, 664 



Andalusian fowls, heredity in, 622-623 



Angiosperms, 207-213 ; dicotyledons, 

 209-213; monocotyledons, 208-209 



Animal breeding, 624-625 ; present 

 problems in, 625-626 



Animals, and plants mutually dependent, 

 54-96; classification of, 216-277; 

 compared with plants, 43-45 ; develop- 

 ment of, 617-620 ; economic value 

 other than food, 537-544 ; effect of 

 surroundings on, 280-309, 610-611; 

 harmful, 544-547 ; mechanism of re- 

 sponse in, 425-426 ; one-celled, 217- 

 222 ; relation between plants and, 282- 

 284 ; response of, 422, 423 ; valuable 

 for food, 530-537 



Annual rings, 167 



Annulate, characteristics of, 229 ; classi- 

 fication of, 229 ; examples of, 229-231 



Anopheles, malarial mosquito, 483-486 



Antennae, sensory organs in insects, 58, 

 64, 428 



Anther, of flower, 83, 84 



Antibodies, 385 ; agglutinins, 390 ; anti- 

 toxin, 477 ; lysins, 390 ; opsonins, 

 388 ; precipitins, 390 ; production of, 

 476-477; work of, 385, 390, 476 



Antiseptic solutions, 317 



Antiseptics, and Lord Lister, 663 



Antitoxin, discovery of diphtheria, 663 ; 

 how used, 477-478; kinds, 478-479; 

 meaning of, 477 



Ants, 73, 74-75 ; how to make nest for, 

 10 



Aorta, 397 



Aphids, 77-78 ; and ants, 74 



Appendicular skeleton, 319 



Appendix, vermiform, 379 



Appetite, relation to diet, 339 



Aquarium, balanced, 11-12, 282-284. 

 286 



Arachnida, 232, 238 



Arachnids, 238-239 



Archaeopteryx, earliest known bird, 271 



691 



