696 



INDEX 



Epiglottis, 370 



Erhlich, Paul, on immunity, 664 

 Erosion, prevented by trees, 574 

 Esophagus, 368, 370 

 Essential organs, of flower, 83 

 Eugenics, meaning of, 636 

 Euglena, how receive stimuli, 422 

 Evaporation, from plants, factors in, 



164 

 Evolution, evidences of, 271-273; of 



horse, 273-274 ; workers, 665-667 

 Examination; physical, 510-511 

 Excretion, kidneys, 412-414 ; need of, 



45 ; of crayfish, 235 ; organs of, 412- 



415 ; skin, 414-415 

 Excretory organs, 412-415 

 Exercise, effect on circulation, 400-401 

 Existence, struggle for, 111 

 Exophthalmic goiter, 393 

 Expiration, meaning of, 406 ; process in 



man, 407 

 Eye, description of, 440-441 

 Eyes, of crayfish, 233-234 ; of fish, 244 ; 



of insects, 58, 64 

 Eyespot, of Euglena, 422 

 Eyestrain, 510 



F, meaning of, 621 



Factors, affecting life, 608 ; necessary for 

 germination, 120-121 



Families, of inferior ability, 636-637 ; 

 of superior ability, 638-639 



Fatigue, effect on nerve cell, 448 



Fats, 31; digestion of, 373-374; manu- 

 factured in leaf, 161 ; required in diet, 

 328 



Feet, care of, 321-322 



Fermentation, and yeast, 190 ; relation 

 of bacteria to, 187 



Fern, life history of, 204-205 



Fertilization, adaptations of plants for, 

 91-94, 95-96 ; in flowers, 84-86, 615- 

 616 ; in frog, 252 ; in Vaucheria, 615 



Fever, cause of, 415 



Fibers, useful vegetable, 529 



Fibrinogen, in blood, 388 



Fibrovascular bundles, 136-137, 144, 

 167-168, 169 



Fig, pollination of, 94-95 



Filament, of flower, 83, 84; of gill of 

 fish, 246 ; of Spirogyra, 201-202, 615 



Filterable virus, 479-480 



Fins, of fish, 244, 246 



First aid, for burns and scalds, 316-317 ; 

 for skin wounds, 317 



Fish, as food, 534-535; body of, 243- 

 244 ; breathing of, 245 ; characteristics 

 of, 242-249 ; circulatory system, 246- 

 247 ; classification of, 249 ; digestive 

 system of, 246 ; egg-laying habits, 

 247-248 ; fins, 244 ; gills of, 245-246 ; 

 laboratory exercise on, 243 ; lateral 

 line of, 245; nervous system, 247; 



reproduction of, 247-248; sense or- 

 gans, 244-245 ; swim bladder, 246 



Fishes, 242-249; artificial propagation 

 of, 591-592 ; conservation of fresh- 

 water, 587-588 ; conservation of 

 ocean, 588 ; migration of, 588 ; spawn- 

 ing habits of, 588-589 



Fission, of Paramecium, 221 ; process of 

 cell division, 183 



Fixation, of nitrogen, by bacteria, 188 



Flatworm, regeneration in, 612 



Flatworms, Platyhelminthes, 228 ; harm- 

 ful, 492-493 



Flexner, on infantile paralysis, 665 



Flicker, 557, 558 



Flies, characteristics of, 75-76 ; classifi- 

 cation of various, 59, 238 ; develop- 

 ment of house, 75-76 ; dragon, 78-79 ; 

 life history of house, 76 



Flowers, artificial pollination of, 634- 

 635 ; complete, 84 ; cross-pollination 

 by insects, 91 ; cross-pollination of 

 composite head, 92 ; devices of, to 

 secure pollination, 92-95 ; essential 

 organs of, 83 ; hybridization of, 634- 

 635 ; imperfect, 96 ; laboratory exer- 

 cise on structure, 83 ; pollinated by 

 wind, 95-96 ; use to plants, 83-86 



Food, and ecological succession, 302-303 ; 

 animals valuable as, 530-537 ; care in 

 home, 498-499 ; definition of, 30 ; 

 digestion in plants, 171-172; digestion 

 in stomach, 369-372 ; fuel value of, 

 328; functions of, 162; how ab- 

 sorbed, 378-379 ; how man deter- 

 mines value, 324-357 ; how prepared 

 for body use, 360-381 ; in cotyledons, 

 117-118; made by plants, 134-173; 

 need of, 328-329 ; nutrients in, 30-31 ; 

 plants used as, 520-528 ; preservation 

 of, 458-460 ; raw material needed by 

 plants to make, 154-155 ; relation of 

 cost to diet, 345-346 ; response of 

 plants and animals to, 41 ; storage in 

 plants, 171-172 



Food conditions, how living things are 

 affected by, 297 



Food habits, good, 347-348 



Food making, in green cells, and human 

 welfare, 162-163; products of, 160- 

 162 ; results, 162-165 



Food nutrients, 30-31, 327-328; tests 

 for, 118-119, 131 



Foods, determination of relative cheap- 

 ness of, 345-348 ; how circulated and 

 used in body, 384-416 ; inorganic, 

 31 ; mineral requirement in, 331-332; 

 nutrients in, 30-31, 118-119, 327-328; 

 preparation of, 346-347 ; uses of, 327- 

 332 



Food substances, tests of, 131 



Food supplies, care in home, 498-499: 

 inspection of, 504, 505 



