INDEX 



699 



Invertebrates, 217, 242 ; annulates, 229- 

 230; coelenterates, 224-226; echino- 

 derms, 226-228 ; Nemathelmintb.es, 

 228; Platyhelminthes, 228; Porifera, 

 223-224 ; simpler, 223-231 



Irritability, 420 ; in plants, 423, 424-425 ; 

 in simplest animals, 424-425 



Islands of Langerhans, value of, 394-395 



Japanese beetle, control of, 567 ; harm 

 done by, 564-565 ; life history of, 564 



Jellyfish, 225, 226 



Jenner, Edward, and vaccination, 475- 

 476, 659-661 



Jennings, H. S., on genes, 629 



Jimson weed, 106-107 



Joshua trees, 302 



Juke family, history of, 637 



Kallikak family, 636, 637 



Kidneys, elimination of wastes through, 

 413-414 ; laboratory exercise on struc- 

 ture of, 411-412; 'structure of, 412- 

 413 



Kinetic energy, 313 



Koch, Robert, work on germ diseases, 

 662, 663 



Laboratory, use of, 14-16 



Lac insect, value of, 561 



Lacteals, 378, 400 



Ladybird beetle, 561 ; value of, 567 



Langerhans, Islands of, 394-395 



Large intestine, absorption from, 379 ; 

 bacteria in, 379 ; relatiorj to consti- 

 pation, 379-380 



Larva, of butterfly, 66-67 



Laws, of heredity, 620-624 



Leaf, blade of, 151 ; cell structure of, 

 152-153 ; demonstration on transpira- 

 tion of, 163 ; manufacture of carbo- 

 hydrates in green, 160-161 ; manufac- 

 ture of fats in green, 161 ; manufac- 

 ture of protein in green, 161-162 ; 

 petiole of, 151 ; stipules of, 152 ; 

 structure of, 151-152; water given 

 off by, 163 



Leaf arrangement, cone, 157 ; effect of 

 light on, 156-157 ; mosaic, 156 ; 

 rosette, 156 



Lamarck, on effect of environment, 607 



Leaves, changes in color, 159 ; com- 

 pound, 152; position of, 21-22, 156- 

 157 ; used as food, 520-521 



Leeuwenhoek, improved microscope, 38, 

 658-659 



Legume family, 209-210 



Lenticels, 165, 168 



Lepidoptera, 59, 68, 238 



Lichen, 287 ; on rock, 288 



Life span, 600 



Life zones, 307-308 



Light, effect on animals, 40, 293-294; 



effect on leaf arrangement, 156-157 ; 

 effect on plants, 40, 155-156, 293-294 ; 

 needed by green plants for making 

 carbohydrates, 157—158 



Light stimuli, received by eyes, 427, 429 



Lily family, 208-209 



Linnaeus, system of classification by, 

 668 



Lipase, an enzyme, 374 



Lister, Sir Joseph, work on antiseptics, 

 663 



Liver, 368; a gland, 361; functions of, 

 375-376 ; storage of glycogen, 376 



Living things, development of, 617-620 ; 

 effect of chemical substances on, 41, 

 297; effect of food on, 41, 297; effect 

 of gravity on, 41, 294 ; effect of light 

 on, 40, 293-294 ; effect of temperature 

 on, 41-42, 291-293 ; effect of water on, 

 40-41, 294-297; functions of, 36-52; 

 improvement of, 604-640 ; in relation 

 to their environment, 19-111 ; inter- 

 relationship with man, 455-672 ; rela- 

 tionships and interrelationships of, 

 177-309; reproduction of, 611-617 



Lizards, 257, 543 



Lobster, catching, 533 ; conservation of 

 592-593; North American , 236; sense 

 organs of, 428 ; used for food, 533 



Locomotion, of amoeba, 218 ; of Para- 

 mecium, 220 



Loeb, work on tropisms, 37 



Lungs, 403 ; air in, 407 ; changes in air 

 in, 404 ; organs of respiration in man, 

 403-405 ; pleura, 406 



Lymph, 379 ; relation to blood, 389 



Lymphatics, system, 378, 400 



Lymph glands, 399 



Lymph vessels, 399 



Lysins, antibodies, 390 



Machine, human, 313-322 



Malaria, cause of, 482-484 ; how trans- 

 mitted, 484-486 



Malarial mosquito, 484 ; extermination 

 of, 485-486 



Malnutrition, cause of, 343 



Mammals, carnivores, 269 ; character- 

 istics of, 268-269 ; classification of 

 higher, 270 ; conservation of, 598-599 ; 

 development of, 619-620 ; primates, 

 271 ; rodents, 269 ; ungulates, 269- 

 270 ; used for food, 536-537 



Man, a mammal, 276-277 ; and balance 

 of nature, 288-290 ; conservation 

 applied to, 599-601 ; control of en- 

 vironment for health, 455-511; con- 

 trol of environment for wealth, 518- 

 569 ; fossils of ancient, 275-276 ; how 

 become conqueror of world, 420-451 ; 

 improvement of living things by, 

 604-640 ; interrelationship with liv- 

 ing things, 455-672 ; laws of heredity 



