HARRISONS’ 
trees, leaving, say, three main stems as a basis 
for head. Always prune to an outside bud, thus 
insuring outward growth. Peach trees should 
be pruned to a whip and a head established the 
second year, either high or low, as _ preferred. 
All roots should be pruned smoothly before 
planting, cutting off the ends where bruised by 
digging and shortening others. This is as impor- 
tant aS pruning the top. 
MULCHING. A most necessary factor in 
successful planting. Cover a space around the 
tree or shrub to a distance of 3 feet, using 
coarse manure—lawn clippings, or grass, are 
effective for this purpose if manure cannot be 
secured. The mulching retains moisture, facili- 
tates quick growth and retards the growth of 
weeds. When straw or manure is left on the 
ground all winter, clear a space of 15 inches 
around the tree to avoid damage from mice. 
DRAINAGE. Your time and money are wasted 
if you plant on undrained soil. All hollows 
should be avoided when selecting positions for 
planting. 
STAKING. Every ornamental tree should be 
thoroughly staked and tied with some soft ma- 
terial. Constant motion of the wind kills more newly 
planted trees than any other cause. They cannot make 
roots or fibers unless they are perfectly stationary, there- 
fore every planter should give special care to this plant- 
ing point; you will save your trees. 
LABELS. Labels should be removed and some other 
method adopted for recording varieties. ‘The wires 
will cut and damage the limbs. 
CULTIVATION. Hoe or cultivate frequently. Noth- 
ing can thrive if the weeds are allowed to sap the 
life of the soil. 
A SUMMARY OF ESSENTIALS FOR SUCCESS 
IS: Careful planting, good soil, mulching, cultivation, 
drainage, and staking the first season, with the cut- 
ting-back of branches and trimming ends of roots 
when stock is planted. 
How to Plant the Orchard 
DISTANCES FOR PLANTING. Every orchardist 
seems to have his own ideas about the distance apart 
that his trees should stand. The best modern prac- 
tice shows that 24x32 feet for apple trees gives 
ample space for cultivating, spraying and picking. 
On the 32-foot line a filler tree can be planted, with 
the idea that the fillers are to be cut out before they 
interfere with the 
growth of the perma- 
nent trees. For this 
purpose use any of 
the  early-maturing 
apples, Duchess, 
Wealthy, Grimes, Mc- 
Intosh Red and Yel- 
low Transparent ap- 
ples are desirable be- 
cause of their up- 
right growth and 
early-fruiting habit. 
Another common 
distance is 40 by 40 
feet. This has many 
supporters among 
practical orchard 
men, but our experi- 
ence in our own or- 
chards is in favor of 
the 24 by 32-ft. plan. 
The bush fruits— 
currants, raspberries, 
etc.—can be used as 
intercrops and _ per- 
mitted to remain for 
hive” Or -SiX Years: 
Strawberries, too, are 
suceessfully grown 
NURSERIES - BERLIN - MARYLAND 7 
Harrison Quality peach trees in the nursery rows—propagated 
from carefully Bud Selected strains 
between the fruit trees, and many orchardists make 
good money from a planting of tomatocs. The land 
between the trees ought to be used—and can be—for at 
least five years. 
When you invest the $50 to $100 an acre that it 
takes to plant an orchard and care for it five years, 
you want to make it pay as much as possible and as 
quickly as possible. It is a plain business proposition. 
Because of this, we say plant two or three of the 
best-paying varieties and then grow crops between 
the rows. We advise every planter of an apple or- 
chard to put peach trees between the apple trees as 
fillers for the first eight or ten years, if you want 
to grow peaches and the land is suited to peaches. 
If the land is not adapted for peaches, plant apple 
fillers and grow beans, peas, tomatoes, early potatoes 
or other vegetables between the rows of trees for two 
or three years. The use of fillers and intercrops will 
make your orchard pay from the very beginning. 
Early bearing of fruit trees depends somewhat on 
treatment, but to a larger extent on the varieties 
planted. McIntosh Red and Yellow Transparent, 
especially, will bear abundantly when they are from 
four to six years old. 
NUMBER OF TREES OR PLANTS TO AN ACRE. 
The following table will show how many trees or 
plants are required for an acre at any distance apart: 
Feet Feet 
Apart Per Acre Apart Per Acre 
40 27 trees 10 435 trees 
35 35 trees 8 680 trees 
30 50 trees 6 1,210 trees 
25 70 trees 5 1,745 trees 
20 110 trees 4 2,722 trees 
18 135 trees 3 4,840 trees 
15 195 trees 2 10,890 trees 
12 305 trees 1 43,560 trees 
Proper Planting Distances 
To find the number of trees required to an acre, 
see table above. 
Apple—20 to 40 feet apart. We advise 24x 32 feet as 
most satisfactory when peach fillers are used. (See 
ideal arrangement above.) 
Apricot—20 to 24 feet apart. 
Cherry—(sour sorts) 18 to 24 feet apart; (sweet sorts) 
20 to 27 feet apart. 
Peach—16 to 20 feet apart. (Commercial peach 
growers all over the country consider 20 feet apart 
the best distance.) 
Pear—Standard, 20 to 27 feet apart. 
Plum—15 to 20 feet apart. 
Quince—10 to 16 feet apart. 
Pecans—35 to 40 feet apart. 
SN 
Harrison apple trees are noted for 
their early bearing characteristics 
We have satisfied many thousands of customers in our 49 years of service 
