Mesozoic and Cenozoic Geology and Paleontology. ED 
the spring of the year. Descending the river to No. 14 we find a ledge 
which has been struck by a force descending the river, as the stoss and 
lee sides plainly show. The course of the strie is north 65 deg* west, 
_the stoss side being on the southeast. A similar example occurs near 
the mouth of Black river, where the course of the striz is toward north 
60 deg. west. The country above Black river being quite level, is not 
so well adapted for the existence of a glacier as the region below, 
where high mountains crowd the river on both sides. At the mouth 
of Little Black river the upper side of the ledges is uniformly the 
struck side. Some of the ledges are covered with both drift and 
glacial strive, the former coming from north 60 deg. west, and the 
latter running down the river northeasterly. A mile above the 
mouth of the St. Francis river, the glacial strize run down the 
river with the direction north 47 deg. east. Near the village of St. 
Francis the two sets of striz appear again, the drift with the di- 
rections of north 60 deg. west, and north 20 deg. west, and the glacial 
with the direction of north 16 deg. east. This is the course of the 
river around a curve. The former are here the most prominent,. In 
the township below Fort Kent, striz appear running north 30 deg. west. 
One of the finest exposures of the glacial striz is in Dionne, where the 
river makes a great bend and pursues a northerly course. The strize 
change with the river and run north 20 deg. west. or directly cpposite 
to the normal course of the drift in the vicinity, the force having gone 
northerly instead of southerly. No glacial markings were observed be- 
low this, in fact the glacial and drift markings could not be distin- 
guished from each other below the Madawaska settlements. The evi- 
dence for an ancient glacier is not so strong on the St. John river as 
in the western part of New England. Some might contend that the 
immense ice freshets in the spring would be sufficient. to explain all 
the phenomena. On the other hand, the objection to glaciers in north- 
ern Maine would be less than in Massachusetts, on account of the 
colder climate. 
An unstratified mass of a stiff, dark, bluish clay, containing rounded 
and striated bowlders, and called bowlder clay, is found on the precip- 
itous banks of rapid streams in narrow valleys. It underlies the finer 
sands and gravels of later periods, and always rests directly upon the 
solid rocks. | 
Modified drift occurs, in Maine, in the form of moraine terraces, 
horsebacks, sea beaches, sea bottoms, marine clays and terraces. Mo- 
raine terraces are generally accumulations of gravel, bowlders and sand, 
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