Mesozoic and Cenozoic Geology and Paleontology. 17 
Lawrence, at the base of the Laurentide hills, from Ottawa to Cape 
Tourmente. It expands on the St. Maurice to a breadth of thirty 
miles. To the westward it covers much of the surface in the triangu- 
lar area between the St. Lawrence and the Ottawa east ofthe meridian 
of Kingston. Marine shells occur in this sand in Nepean, at 410 feet 
above the sea; in Kenyon, at 335 feet ; in Fitzroy, at 330 feet ; in 
Winchester, at 300 feet ; and at Pakenham mills, at 226 feet. South 
of the St. Lawrence these sands are found along the boundary of New 
York. From the east side of Missisquoi bay, a belt extends between 
the clay plains of the south shore of the St. Lawrence, which it partly 
overlies, and the more elevated region to the southeast, as far as 
Metis. At the Wallbridge Mills, in Stanbridge, marine shells occur 
* at a height of 160 feet, and near Upton, on the Grand Trunk railway, 
- at 300 feet above sea level. 
In 1863, J. S. Newberry* described, from the Miocene of Bellingham 
bay, Hquisetum robustum, Sabal campbellt, Quercus coriacea, Q. 
‘flexuosa, QY. banksiefolia; from Birch bay, Washington Territory, 
Taxodium occidentale, Smilax cyclophylla; and from Bellingham bay 
Quercus elliptica, and Populus flabellum., 
Remondt described, from the Pliocene near Kirkers Pass, Cardium 
gabbi, and Ostrea bourgeoisi. 
In 1864, T. A. Conrad{ described, from the Eocene of Dallas county, 
Alabama, Turritella precincta; from Pamunkey river, Virginia, 
Protocardia virginiana ; and from 6 miles east of Washington, D.C. 
Dosiniopsis meeki., 
He described, from the Miocene at Natural Well, Dauphin county, 
North Carolina, Fasciolaria subtenta, and Lirosoma curvirostrum. 
The Miocene§ Strata,on the northern slope of the Monte Diablo Range, 
consists of heavy-bedded sandstones. 
In crossing over the Santa Cruz Range from Santa Cruz, in a 
northerly direction to the Santa Clara Valley, before reaching the 
metamorphic, a mass of rocks is traversed, which is much broken and 
elevated, some of the ridges being fully 2,000 feet high. In rising on 
to this elevated ridge, however, we first pass over a belt of unaltered 
strata, which near the town lie nearly horizontal, and which appear 
to have escaped the action of the elevating forces, by which the main 
* Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vol. vii. 
+ Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 
t Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. xiv. 
§ Geo. Sur, of California, 1865. 
