See aa Two New Species of Entomostraca. AT 
4 
TWO NEW SPECIES OF ENTOMOSTRACA. 
‘By V. T. CHampBers. 
TacHIDIUS (?) FONTICOLA, 0. sp. 
a Plate AL —See figs. 1 to 11 inclusive.—l, T. fonticola; 2, its inferior palpus, male and 
female; 8, female “antenna; 4, female legs of 2d, 3d, and 4th pair; 5, female leg of Ist pair; 
6, female "appendase to 6th segment; 7, do. of. male; 8, male antenna; 9, m ale leg of lst 
pair; 10, male leg of 2d pair; 3d is like it, except that the ter minal sets ‘are longer, as long 
as those of the 4th pair; 11, male legs of 4th pair. 
The animal is pale yellow, with the eye spot very large and bright. 
crimson. The antennee of the female are short, thick, and simple ; / 
those of the male are six jointed, and as shown in figure 8; the - 1 
setee of the legs of the female are much shorter than those of the 
male. Length of body, .385 mm., that of terminal sete is .8 mm. The 
armature as to spines, etc., is sufficiently given in the figures. 
So far as is known, this species does not inhabit a portion of the 
earth’s surface more than two yards square. At the famous locality : 
_known as Big Bone Springs, large “Gums” (hollow trunks of trees) 
are sunk in the ground, and the water of the springs rises up in + 
these Gums, and running over the top spreads out over the ground, or 
runs off in small streams, At one of these springs, which is near the 
edge of a bank of Big Bone Creek, the water spreads over the ground 
toward the bank over which it trickles. There is not enough of it to form 
a stream, spread out thus, and quickly absorbed in the ground as it is, 
but it affords a fine place for the growth of a species of Oscilatoria 
(probably O. imperator, Wood), which forms a tolerably thick mat, de 
upon the surface, and in which 7, fonticola lives in countless multi- 
tudes. All the species of Tachidius heretofore known live in salt seas, 
or in brackish water connected with them. How this little creature 
found its way to its present habitat is a mystery. I have no analysis 
of this water by me, but the water of all of these springs is strongly 
impregnated with common salt, iron, sulphur, and other mineral ingre- 
dients in less quantity. f found only the Zachidius and Oscillatoria 
crowing at that place, but in the water of another spring, containing a ~~ 
smaller percentage of mineral matters, I found the species of Cypris, 
a dipterous larva, and several infusoria (Paremecium, Monads, 
etc.) But I found no animal or vegetable organisms in any 
of,the “ Gums” in which the water is very cold. It was only when it 
spreads around the spring, or stands in little puddles, that I found the 
creatures above mentioned, but this standing water outside of the 
“Gums” was warmed by the sun, and by reason of evaporation was 
' more strongly saline than that in the “Gums.” The legs of the 
Tachidius seemed formed for swimming, but there was scarcely water 
