Mesozoic and Cenozoic Geology and Paleontology. 131 
A hill on the east side of McDonald’s river, near Nicola lake, is 
terraced at different levels to the height of 800 feet above the lake, or 
2,600 feet above the sea. On the Coldwater, near the first bridge, 
a terrace fringes the west side of the valley, at the height of 200 feet 
above the river, or 2,955 feet above the sea. On Whipsaw creek, 
Similkameen river, a terrace occurs 200 feet above the stream near 
Powder camp, or 3,845 feet above the sea. Between Powder camp and 
Nine-mile creek some of the more prominent benches have the follow- 
ing elevations above the sea: 2,956, 3,078, 3,237, and 3,252 feet. The 
trail, when some distance north of the South Similkameen, above its 
junction with the north fork, passes over several broad terrace flats, 
two of these are elevated 2,632 and 2,683 feet above the sea. Near the 
junction of the north and south forks a terrace-flat occurs 300 feet 
above the river, or 2,264 feet above the sea. Further down the Simil- 
kameen, in a grassy hill above Keremeoos, a terrace is seen 1,000 feet 
above the river, or 2,300 feet above the sea. In a wide valley between 
Okanagan and Vermilion forks, a rather irregular bowldery bench oc- 
curs with an elevation of 3,713 feet. It is on the rim of the valley and 
far above the stream. 
In the valleys of streams draining westward from the mountains, 
there is a remarkable absence of detrital deposits, and though a few 
terraces occur, the valleys are much contracted, and in a region so 
mountainous that it is generally difficult to decide precisely what sig- 
nificance attaches to them. Not only may some of them be merely 
river-terraces, but others may simulate beach-terraces, but owe their 
origin solely to the damming up of valleys by glacier ice or moraines. 
At the summit between the Coldwater and Coquihalla, a terrace occurs 
at an elevation of 3,286 feet. On the Skagit another occurs at an 
elevation of 1,997 feet, and on the Uztlihoos, tributary to the 
Anderson river, narrow but well marked benches occur at 3,087, and 
3,582 feet. 
Robert Bell, in his report on an exploration of the east coast of Hud- 
son’s bay, says that the strive in the southern part of the Eastmain 
coast have a southwesterly course, but in going northward the direc- 
tion gradually changes till it has become nearly west at Cape Jones. 
From this point northward the course continues west and north of 
west, or toward the center of the bay. The grooving is remarkably 
well preserved on the bare hills and on the rocks generally from Great 
Whaleriver northward, In this region one can not help being struck by 
the more modern appearance of the glaciated surface than in the inhab- 
