140 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 
coating for a large part of the face of New Brunswick, and sea beaches, 
sea bottoms, and fossiliferous clays form almost a continuous belt on 
the coast of Maine, 150 feet above the ocean, and extending up the 
rivers to the same height. These facts prove the submergence of the 
country, beyond a doubt, to a depth much greater than 600 feet below 
the present level of the ocean; because the marine shells must have 
some depth of water as well as the clay, in which to encase them, in 
order to produce fossilization. Nor would we expect, on account of 
the ocean currents that swept over the region in question, to. find ma- 
rine remains, except in very deep water, where the shells or bones 
might receive a covering of drift materials sufficient to preserve them 
from the disintegrating and denuding agencies which have prevailed, 
during the long train of centuries that have elapsed since the deposit. 
The nodules at Green’s creek are in the lower part of the Leda clay, 
which contains bowlders, and is succeeded by very large bowlders, 
while no bowlder clay underlies it, ‘The plants contained in these no- 
dules are characterized as a selection from the present Canadian flora 
of some of the mure hardy species, having the most northern range, and 
the animals such as may now be found in the Arctic current and the Guir 
of St. Lawrence. It appears, that the Arctic current, that entered by 
the way of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, backed its waters up the Ottawa 
valley, and that the plants from the heights of the Laurentian range of 
mountains, on the border of the valley, found their way into an eddy, 
where the blue clay was precipitated, and the Mallotus villosus, mollus- 
can shells and hardy vegetation were so beautifully coffined in en- 
during nodules of stone. Dr. Dawson collected and identified from the 
marine deposits ten species of plants, and 195 species of radiates, mol- 
luses, articulates, and vertebrates, and the whole of these, with three or 
four exceptions, he affirmed to be living northern or Arctic species, be- 
longing, in the case ofthe marine species, to moderate depths, or vary- 
ing from the littoral zone to 200 fathoms. The assemblage is identical 
with that of the northern part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Labra- 
dor coast, at present, and there is nothing in it to indicate any 
change of climate, beyond that which would necessarily follow, by 
changing the Arctic current, so as to throw it into the gulf and across 
the New England States. 3 
There is nothing in all this area that indicates the existence of even 
a local glacier with any degree of certainty, though it may not be 
considered impossible that a small glacier should have existed upon 
the top of some of the highest mountain peaks of New England, when 
