Mesozoic and Cenozoic Geology and Paleontology. 203 
duced with greater distinctness, and in a different style, by rocks 
moved forward in a current of water. The effects produced by glaciers, 
by drift, or moving sand, are doubtless different and peculiar, so dif- 
ferent and characteristic, that the cause may be at once assigned by 
the experienced observer, who can distinguish between them without 
difficulty. Itis, however, possible that after a sand worn surface, such 
as has been described, has been for ages covered with moist earth, a 
decomposition of the surface would take place sufficient to remove the 
polish from the furrows and leave us in doubt as to their origin. 
Alexander Murray* examined a portion of the country between 
Georgian bay in Lake Huron, and the Ottawa river. He followed the 
course of the Muskoka river to its head, and by a short portage 
passed to the source of the Petewahweh, and by its channel de- 
scended to the Ottawa. Returning, he ascended the Bonnechere 
river to Round lake, from which he crossed to Lake Kamaniskiak 
on the main branch of the Madawaska, and descended the latter stream 
to the York or southwest branch, from whence he crossed to Balsam 
lake. He found stratified clays on the Muskoka, between the lake of 
Bays and Ox-tongue lake, at the height of about 1,200 feet above the 
level of the sea; the banks expose 10 or 12 feet in thickness, of drab or 
light buff-colored clays, alternating with very thin layers of fine yellow 
or grayish sand, At one place, the beds are tilted, showing a westerly 
dip of about eight degrees, in which they exhibit slight wrinkles or 
corrugations. Coarse yellow sand overlies the clay, and spreads far 
and wide over the more level parts, generally forming the bank of the 
river, where not occupied by hard rock. On the Petewahweh, 
especially below Cedar lake, the whole of the level parts are covered 
with sand, which, in some places, is of great thickness. Cedar lake is 
about 1,050 feet above the sea. 
The banks or the Bonnechere display a great accumulation of clay 
at many parts below the fourth chute, sometimes exposing a vertical 
thickness of from 70 to 80 feet. Near the mouth of that river, below 
the first chute, where the clays form the right bank, and are upward 
of 50 feet high, they are chiefly of a pale bluish-drab color, and are 
calcareous, while other clays found higher up the stream, are of a 
yellowish-buff, und do not effervesce with acids. Below the second 
chute, buff-colored clay is interstratified with beds of sand and gravel, 
the latter sometimes strongly cemented together by carbonate of lime, 
the whole being overlaid by a deposit of sand. The gravel is seldom 
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