. vs 
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Geology and Paleontology. 205 
bowlders derived from the Huronian rocks that had been moved from 
| their source and transported southerly. In the valleys of the Wahna- 
_ pitae and French rivers, large bowlders of conglomerate rest on the 
contorted oneiss at various elevations above the mark of the greatest 
floods, the highest probably over 100 feet. On the Sturgeon and Mas- 
kanongi rivers, and on Lake Wahnapitaeping, the course of the grooves 
and scratches is S. 27° W., with scarcely any deviation, but farther 
west they seem to alter their course to a more westerly direction, and 
on Round lake they bear S. 41° W.; while at the long lake, near the 
outlet of the White-fish river, their direction is $. 49° W. The great 
deposits of silicious sand, which are spread over the upper valley of 
the Wahnapitae, above Wahnapitaeping lake, and also the sand in the 
valley of the Sturgeon river, are probably chiefly derived from the 
ruins of the Huronian rocks. Lake Huron is 578 feet above the sea; 
Lake Wahnapitaeping, 938 feet ; Round lake, 775 feet ; Sturgeon 
river, at the junction of the Maskanongi, 809 feet; and Maskanon- 
giwagaming lake, on the Maskanongi, 862 feet. 
In 1859, he described* the drift north of Lake Huron, between the 
valley of the Thessalon river and the lake coast south of it, and be- 
tween the valleys of the Thessalon and the Mississagui. <A deposit 
of clay usually of a brownish drab color is spread over a large portion 
-of the region, particularly in the hollows and valleys, and is frequent- 
ly exposed on the banks of the streams, distinctly stratified, and in 
considerable thickness. The clay is overlaid with sand which extends 
far and wide over the highest table lands, and a great part of the 
country generally. The clay deposits of the Mississagui and Little 
_ White rivers, do not appear to attain a height of much more than 160 
feet over Lake Huron. Above the Grand Portage at 154 feet above the 
lake, the clay is replaced by a great accumulation of sand and gravel, 
the gravel becoming coarser and more prevalent as we ascend the river. 
% On the banks and flats above Salter’s base line, 252 feet above the 
lake, the shingle consists of rounded masses almost all of Syenite, the 
& smallest of which is rarely under the size of a man’s fist, and the 
average as large as a twelve pound canon ball. Many of the masses 
are much larger, and in addition there are a great number of huge 
bowiders. 
Grooves and scratches on the sides of the lakes, and in the valleys, 
have the same general bearing of the valleys, and follow the meander- 
ings of the lake depressions. Instancesare as follows: On the island 
ee See 
* Geo. Sur. of Canada. 
