re a Oe 
212 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 
face, making a total section of clay and gravel of 49 feet. Unio circulus, 
U. gibbosus, and valves of a Cyclas were found in the upper bed of 
gravel, and a cleer’s bone was said to have been found also. Between 
the gravel and the overlying 10 feet of clay, a thin Jayer of impure. 
mineral pitch, or half dried petroleum, intervenes, inclosing leaves of 
land plants, and occasionally insects. Fresh-water shells occur in the 
clay on the Detroit river. At Niagara Falls the Silurian limestone is. 
covered by 120 feet of sandy loam, holding striated pebbles and small 
bowlders, and containing near the middle the shells of a species of 
Cyclas. It is overlaid by fifteen feet of thinly- bedded, reddish-brown 
clay, containing similar pebbles and angular fragments. This deposit, 
whose summit is 60 feet above the level of Lake Erie, forms a bank 
which continues up to Chippawa. Valves of the Cyclas occur in the 
upper clay, in calcareous nodules, at a railway cut betwen Kingston 
and the Grand Trunk railway station, and leaves of a plant resembling 
Vaccinium occur in a laminated brownish clay at Newborough. At 
the upper termination of the town plat, on the right bank of the 
Goulais river, there is a deposit of the roots and limbs of trees, im- 
bedded in a bluish scaly material, apparently a mass of compressed 
leaves and moss, which rests upon a bed of clay, and is overlaid by a 
mixture of clay and sand; the whole, with a stratum of sand at the top, 
constitutes a bank of from 20 to 24 feet high. The bed of vegetable 
matter, which is from one to three feet thick, and about ten feet over 
the river at the western end of the exposure, dips gently and evenly up 
the stream; while a thin bed of reddish clay, intervening between the 
overlying arenaceous clay, and the stratum of sand which forms the 
surface, seems to be perfectly horizontal. On the south side of Lake 
Superior, between White-fish Point and the Painted Rocks, a great 
deposit of sand, interstratified with gravel, is spread over the surface 
of the country. At the Grand Sable, a short distance west from the 
Grand Marais, it rises here and there almost vertically from the lake 
to a height of 300 feet. A bed of vegetable matter occurs below 
a layer of mixed sand and clay, and beneath this hill of sand and 
gravel, which contains Thuya occidentalis, Betula paperacea, and 
populus balsamifera. 
Behind the Sault Ste Marie, a terrace, varying in its height, but 
averaging perhaps 150 feet above Lake Superior, and often composed 
of clay in red and drab layers, stretches from the Laurentide hills 
southward toward the St. Mary river. About a mile below, and again 
about four miles above the foot of the Sault, this terrace comes near 
