216 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 
diately upon the right bank of the Missouri river, and only six or 
eight feet above the ordinary stage of water, other scratches having a 
direction 8. 41° E. 
Prof. F. V. Hayden found erratic bowlders scattered over the oomaeee 
in northeastern Dakota, of all sizes and texture, and especially numer- 
ous in the valley of the James river and its tributaries. 
In 1869, Dr. E. Andrews* said, that throughout Central Illinois the 
ancient Phocene soil still lies undisturbed beneath the bowlder drift. 
This soil has been met with in excavations at so many independent 
points, that it may, probably, be considered as the usual floor on which 
the drift rests. Two of the best observations of it were obtained at 
Bloomington, Ulinois. In sinking two coal shafts, the workmen first 
passed through 118 feet of unmodified drift clay, whose bowlders and 
pebbles were all of northern origin, and often scratched by the action 
of ice. Directly beneath this was a bed of ancient soil, on which logs 
of wood lay scattered confusedly about, and in which the stump of a 
tree still stood where it grew. Beneath the soil bed lay various sands, 
gravels, and clays, and a second dirt bed, but no more northern drift. 
The stump was of coniferous wood. All of the original drift is clearly 
stratified. 
In 1873, Robert Bell+ found the stiff red clay of the Kaministiquia 
valley, extending westward up the valley of the Mattawa to the out- 
let of Shebandowan lake, becoming apparently less abundant all 
the way, and finally disappearing on reaching the lake. Around 
the shores of this lake, and of nearly all the lakes passed, by way of 
Lonely lake and the English and Winnipeg rivers to Lake of the 
Woods, wherever the vegetation is burnt off, the rocky mammillated 
hills are seen to be strewn with rounded and angular bowlders, from 
the size of a man’s head to a diameter of 30 to 40 feet. Many of these 
are perched in positions from which they look as if they might be 
easily rolled into the water below. The striz on the surface of the 
rocks occur almost everywhere, and are very general in their course 
from south to southwest. 
In 1875, Prof. George M. Dawsont found the striz on the rocks at 
Lake of the Woods varying in their course from S. 20° E. to S. 87° W. 
Bowlders and traveled materials are spread over the country in this 
vicinity, and especially on the south side of the islands. 
* Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, 2d ser., vol. xlviii. 
+ Geo. Sur. of Canada. 
t Rep. Geo., 49th Parallel. 
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