The Madisonville Pre-Historic Cemetery. 249 
“The spine of this individual (see fig. 3) presents an example of a 
somewhat remarkable pathological condition, the spinous and articular 
processes of all the dorsal and lumbar vertebree being ankylosed; the 
bodies remain free, with the exception of two in the lumbar region, 
which are connected only by a thin band of osseous tissue. The last 
lumbar vertebra is in its turn solidly united with the sacrum, and the 
latter bone with the ilia. Several of the carpal and metacarpal bones 
are also united into a solid bony mass, and the atlas is connected with 
the skull in a similar manner, altogether making this one of the most 
interesting cases of disease of the osseous system on record.” In ad- 
dition to the above-named conditions mention should have been 
made of the fact that the axis and third cervical vertebre are also 
united by coalescence of their bodies as well as of their transverse, ar- 
ticular and spinous processes. The heads of all the ribs are likewise 
ankylosed with the bodies of the vertebree, and their tubrosities with 
the transverse processes. While the antero-posterior curvature of the 
spine is marked, it will be observed that this has not been due, as in 
Pott’s Disease, to a breaking down of the vertebral bodies. 
The general implication of the articular surfaces can leave no 
doubt as to the constitutional nature of the disease, which was 
probably that now recognized as Chronic Osteo-arthritis, or according 
to some authors, arthritis deformans. 
In the above-mentioned skull and one other, evidences of arthritis 
are present in the temporo-mazillary articulation, on the right side; 
in both cases obliteration of the glenoid fossa has resulted from new 
bony deposit. 
In a second specimen of ankylosis of the occipito-atloid articulation, 
bony union has likewise occurred between the transverse processes of 
the atlas and the jugular processes of the occipital. 
Two or three of the crania exhibit a carious appearance of the vault 
of the skull, but whether this is due to inflammatory processes or not, 
is difficult to determine on account of their advanced state of decay. 
Fractures of the Skull and Facial Bones. 
Of the 141 crania examined, eleven exhibit evidences of fracture, as 
follows : 
Fracture of the right parietal, extending from the anterior 
inferior angle upward and backward for 65 mm. through that bone ; 
a deposit of new bony matter along its edges indicates some attempt at 
repair, which, however, has never been completed. 
One specimen shows an indentation of the outer table over the right 
frontal eminence. 
