The Madisonville Pre-Historic Cemetery. 253 
some displacement backward of the upper fragment. The antrum was 
perforated by the injury, and this opening still remains patulous. 
As regards the remaining bones of the skeleton, aside from the 
erania, evidences of disease and injury are presented as follows: 
Extensive Osteo-arthritis of the jaw, vertebrae, ribs, ilia, carpals and 
metacarpals, etc. (described on p. 249). 
Ankylosis of two dorsal and two lumbar vertebree occurs in another 
subject. 
An exostosis on the posterior surface of a sternum near the middle 
of the gladiolus, apparently the result of repair of fracture. 
Arthritis involving a right shoulder joint, with flattening, enlarge- 
ment and eburnation of the head of the humerus and glenoid fossa. 
Arrow wounds: In a dorsal vertebra (the eleventh) is embedded one 
of the small triangular flints known as “war arrows.” It has penetrated 
the body of the bone about a quarter of an inch to the left of the median 
line, its course being downward and inward into the body of the next 
vertebra below. Figure 9 shows the anterior and inferior surfaces of 
Fig. 10. 
Fig. 9. Eleventh dorsal vertebra, penetrated by a flint arrow-head. 
Fig. 10. Human sacrum, in which is embedded a flint arrow-head. 
the body of the bone, the underlying vertebra having been removed 
to show the point of the arrow, which has evidently passed directly 
in the line of the thoracic aorta near its termination. 
A sacrum (fig. 10), belonging to another subject, has embedded in 
its promontory a flint arrow-head which has penetrated the bone from 
above downward and inward about half an inch to the left of the 
median line, atthe usual point of bifurcation of the left common liac 
artery. This bone was taken from a pit or ossuary in which twenty- 
two skeletons were placed.* 
* Vide “* North Americans of Antiquity” by J. T. Short, 2d ed., p. 526; and this JOURNAL, 
vol. iii., p. 48. 
