42 I. Karel Kavina: 



paraphyses and proto-cystidia), The proto-paraphyses háve 

 the subhymenial hyphae abundatly buckled, entirely the <same 

 as the proto-basidia ; the proto-cystidia háve the continua- 

 tion of the hyphae very different, — smooth, without buckles, 

 and with strongly light-refraeting contents. While in the proto- 

 basidia the nueleus divides into four parts and the cell-wall 

 at the end begins to bud into four basidiospores, into which 

 the nueleus moves, the nuclei of the eystidium do not undergs 

 any karyogamy, but move slowly to the basal end. The plas- 

 ma of the whole cell becomes granular, vacuoles are f ormed, 

 and on the surface of the eystidium ther begins to be excre- 

 ted a slimy coating. This secretion takés places 

 at the expense of the nuclei, which grow smaller, 

 — in the čase of the stereo-cystidia of the Corticiaceae 

 the nuclei in the end dissapear entirely ; in other cases the 

 eystidium finally undergoes autodigestion. 



Cystidia are cytologie a lly and ontogene- 

 tically entirely different from the rest of the 

 hymenial organs and it is impossible to homo- 

 logize them with any other organ. 



The systematical signíficance of cystidia: Cystidia are 

 organs of universal oceurence in fungi. They are developed 

 in the greatest variety of forms in Thelephoraceae, 

 where we must distinguish four types : Peniophora- 

 cystidia, gloeocystidia, dendrop hy ses and pseu- 

 dophyses. Clavariaceae for the most part lack cystidia, 

 Hydnaceae háve them unequally developed, in P o 1 y p o- 

 raceae they are nevěr missing, and in Agarieaeeae 

 they are very rarely not developed. Of Hymenogastri- 

 n e a e they were f ound to be possessed by Hydnangium, 

 Sclerogaster, Hymenogaster and Gautiera. The 

 oceurence and s h a p e of cystidia are not boundby 

 any f ast r u 1 e s ; the systematic value of cystidia is theref or 

 changeable, must be investigated from čase to čase, and nevěr 

 suffices as a single differentiating characteristic 



The functíon and biology of cystidia: MicJieli Brefeld, 

 JVettsteifiy Zopf, Tavély Buller and Richen judge that cystidia 

 prevent the coming into contact of the lamellae and thus 



