planting and a fairly successful harvest, The beautiful Sea Gull Monwhent 
on Temple Square in Salt Lake City, erected at a cost of more than $40 O00 
in grateful remembrance of the services of these birds in delivering the 
early Utah pioneers from a cricket plague, is indeed a fitting tribute to 
the California gull. 
In order to capitalize on the control ability of birds, many farmers in 
the West drive chickens and, more commonly, turkeys into their infested fields. 
Undoubtedly, most of the successful attacks upon developing insect 
hordes go unnoticed because birds and other insect predetors wage unceasing 
warfare to obtain sustenance, not for the purpose of assisting man. They 
often feed indiscriminately upon both valuable and harmful insects, but 
‘many species show definite preferences for certain destructive insects, as 
indicated by the yellow-billed cuckoots extensive fecding on tent caterpil- 
lars and the palm warbler's common avoidence of the valuable ladybird beetles 
While feeding on destructive lepidopterous larvae. To show thet control is 
a continuous process some recent cxamples may be cited. 
Concerning the suppressive action of woodpeckers against Englemann 
Spruce bectles on the Kootenai Netional Forsst, Idaho, Tom T. Terrel, of 
the Bureau of Hnatomolosy end Plont Quarantine, Unitca States Dopartment. of 
Agriculture, in a recent memorandum, made the following statement, which 
has been conrirmed by subsequent investigation: 
"In 1957 a severe infestation of the Englemann spruce beetle was re- 
ported to be depleting stands of spruce in the Pinkham Creek drainage on 
the Kootenai National Porest . o e During the time of the second examination 
in June 1938, rather large sroups of infested spruce were: found with over— 
wintering brood, Woodpecker activity, however, had destroyed the brood to 
such an extent that the source of potential reinfestation was reduced to 
protected brood below the snow line and it was predicted that very little 
‘reinfestation would occur," 
Conmenting on this same infestation, Ja@mes C. Evendon, also of the Bu- 
roau of Entomolosy and Plant Quarantinc, in a letter dated January 24, 1940, 
says: ‘ 
"In Junc 1938 it was estimated that there were from 1,200 to 1,500 in- 
fested trees in this area. At the time of Mr. Terrel's examination, there 
was from four to six fcet of snow within the area. Woodpeckers had removed 
a large percentage of the bark from all trees above the snow line and it is 
believed that perhaps 75 to 80 percemt, or cven more, of the broods above 
snow line had been destroyed. “ie heve observed that woodpeckers concentrate 
upon the most heavily infested trees, which allow the greatest returns for 
their labor, so on trees where all of the bark is not removed, we usually 
find that there is a very poor brood and sometimes none at all." 
In the summer of 1935 insects were attacking crops of benne (a good 
wildlife food) in the Thomasville, Ga., area, and Herbert L. Stoddard asked 
the Biological Survey for information on the control of pests. Before the 
