may readily change into something quite different from what was Sead Un-= 
less there is pruning and thinning, trees and shrubs will "take; the place," 
thus changing conditions vital for wildlife occupation. Animal populations 
will fluctuate, and without attention to these changes in numbers and the 
resultant effects upon the carrying capacity of a terrain and the inter- 
relations of organisms, the area may turn out to be anythins but a haven of 
safety For the animals it was intended to benefit. New techniques in land 
management include intelligent use of fire, weter stabilization, pest plant 
control, and changes in crop production practices to prevent wildlife conflicts 
with, agriculture. 
The relations between wildlife and its habitat are dynamic, and where the 
production of annual crops of wildlife, particularly production for profit, is 
the object, unremitting attention to the balance between environmental factors, 
in a word the thoroughgoing application of wildlife technology, is essential 
tO success. Conservation in any degree can best be accomplished by due 
attention to dynamic ecology. To the forester, the soil conservator, and the 
dand utilization specialist, wildlife »roduction is an incidental but poten- 
tially important activity, while to the game manager it is the prime objectives 
All classes of owners of land upon vhich wildlife may be.conserved for its own 
sake or managed for utilization, wnether Nation or State, association or in- 
dividual, farmer or sportsman, have need for, end may profit from, the techno 
logy of malas MANAG SCN t 
A technology so universal in application necessarily has great social 
Sipnificance. it offers the only hope of settling the vexed question of 
farmer-sportsman relationships, vpon which depends entirely the possibility 
of Widespread realization of income from the wildlife crop or the land. De- 
velopment of a satisfactory system of managine and marketing farm game might 
be the moans of transforming many & marginal farm into & productive one. 
Waldlaife technology will help solve problems in land=planning and soil con- 
servetion, the prompt and correct solution of which is cssential to national 
Prosperity. It points the way to diversification of forest use that may 
yicld income based on wildlife production from timbcred arcas, which although 
Preperiy amd mecessarily preserved by the Nation, may return little, except 
Me OUeeInbervals, trom tree products alone. Ihc proper functioning of every 
ird=merkuUne and Same preserve, of the system of eeoleierce protection in the 
national parks, and of animal conscrvetion in general depends upon wildlife 
technology. at puts a great burden upon this comparatively young applied 
S€ience, but it is gratifying that its capacity to bear appears to be in pro= 
portion to the load. As closely as wise utilization may be related to material 
advantage, so the preservation of our wildlife in as great measure as conditions 
will permit, is essential to the esthetic and spiritual welfare of the Nation. 
REFERENCES 
GRANGE, WALLACE B. 
1941. Feeding wildlife in winter. United States Department of the 
iInbemogeConservation Bulepin 145) 120 "pps, a Wiluis'. 
