WHITE, JANUARY 15, 1904. 63 
employed. Until the organism could be further described, and until 
there was more evidence that there was a causal relation existing 
between the species and the disease with which it was found asso- 
ciated, it seemed best to refer to the bacterium as Bacterium ‘‘X’’ 
and to the disease as ‘‘X brood.’ Seven samples of this disease 
were studied in 1903, and Bacterium ‘‘X” was found by cultures in 
all of them. 
The disease called ‘‘pickled brood” received some further study at 
this time. The most striking feature in the results was the record of 
no growth from the cultures. The following is taken from the 
report: 
The results of the examinations showed that ‘‘Aspergillus pollints’’ was not found. 
Further investigations must be made before any conclusion can be drawn as to the 
real cause of this trouble. | 
Concerning paralysis in adult bees, the following was written: 
The disease known to the apiarists as palsy or paralysis attacks the adult bee. 
The name is suggestive of the symptoms manifested by the diseased bee. A number 
of bees affected were received from Messrs. Wright and Stewart taken from apiaries 
in New York State. Bacteriological examinations have been made of a number of 
the bees so affected but no conclusions can be drawn from the results thus far obtained 
as to the cause of this disorder. 
The following is a brief summary of the results obtained during 
the year 1903: 
1. Bacillus alvet was found in all samples of European foul brood 
examined. 
2. A causal relation between Bacillus aivei and European foul 
brood seemed questionable. 
3. Bacillus alver was not encountered in any sample of American 
foul brood. 
4. The samples of American foul brood ‘did contain, however, a 
species which was referred to as Bacterwwm ‘‘X,” in such numbers 
and with such constancy as to suggest an etiological relation to the 
disease. 
5. A growth of this species was obtained on artificial media. 
6. Neither ‘‘black brood” nor ‘‘ Bacillus miliit”” was found. The 
work of the year seemed to confirm the idea that the so-called “ black 
brood” was simply the foul brood of Cheshire and Cheyne. 
7. The cultural results obtained from the so-called pickled brood 
were practically negative. 
8. The “‘Aspergillus pollint”’ named by Howard was not found in 
any disorder of the brood of bees. 
9. A disease called palsy or paralysis by the bee keepers seemed to 
be a malady, but no cause was found. 
10. Formaldehyde gas as ordinarily used in the apiary would not 
insure complete disinfection. 
