BURRI, OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER, 1904. 65 
Further attempts were then made to study the species culturally. 
He smeared some freshly infected larve supposed to contain only 
rods upon a certain medium and obtained spore-bearing rods and 
spores similar to those which had been observed in the diseased 
larvee. He made a similar inoculation from the dead larve which 
had turned brown and which contained only spores, and as a result 
of this inoculation he obtained motile rods which later formed spores. 
Burri was somewhat inclined to.believe that pure cultures had been 
obtained by his method of inoculation, although he states that the 
obtaining of pure cultures of this organism had to remain an unful- 
filled wish. 
From his studies Burri came to the conclusion that the organism 
is neither Bacillus alver nor Bacillus mesentericus, but a new one. 
He repeated some of the experiments reported by Lambotte (p. 53), 
but was inclined to believe that the latter was in error. Besides 
studying from a number of samples this form of foul brood to which 
he referred as the nonstinking form (most probably American foul 
brood), Burri received and studied other samples of foul brood to 
which he referred as the foul-smelling form (most probably European 
foul brood). In the latter disease he found a large number of bacteria 
unlike those observed in samples of the other disease studied. The 
species which was present in large numbers in the latter samples 
erew without difficulty when sown on artificial media, and he identified 
it as Bacillus alver Cheshire and Cheyne (p. 25). 
We are not inclined to think of this latter disease (European foul 
brood) as the one which is the more foul smelling of the two, nor the 
former the ropy form (American foul brood) as the less stinking one 
of the two. It is true that only a few of the samples of American 
foul brood have a disagreeable odor when they reach the laboratory; 
nevertheless, the most disagreeable odor encountered in diseased 
brood when it is examined in the apiary is present in those colonies 
that are affected with American foul brood. It is American foul 
brood that the American bee keepers think of when they refer to the 
foul-smelling foul brood. 
Burri encountered other bacteria than Bacillus alver and the one 
which was difficult of cultivation. He mentions the presence of 
bacteria which he associated with a condition referred to as sour 
brood. He reports that he had always found foul brood pe with 
this latter condition. 
The following are the conclusions drawn by Burri in ne paper: 
1. There are in Switzerland, and also in other places, at least two distinct kinds of 
bacteria which can produce a typical contagious foul brood. In one case itis Bacillus 
alver described by Cheshire and Cheyne; in the other a species of bacterium not 
formerly known, which is difficult to cultivate. 
13140°—Bull. 98—12——5 
