MAASSEN, JUNE, 1906. 73 
4. He found in all the samples of foul brood examined, in which 
Bacillus alver was absent, another species present which offered diffi- 
culties in its cultivation on artificial media and refers to the species 
as Bacillus brandenburgiensis. 
5. He reports this species to be present in some of the samples, 
together with Bacillus alvet. 
6. He used a large amount of the culture of Bacillus alvei in the 
inoculation of healthy bees and did not produce disease. ~ 
7. “Foul brood” was not produced with pure cultures of Bacillus 
brandenburgiensis. 
8. He was inclined to the belief that bacteria are secondary 
invaders in ‘‘foul brood.” 
9. He believed that this view was strengthened by the finding of a 
microorganism to which he gave the name Spirochzte apis. 
10. He reports this microstructure present in all samples of the 
disease which he had examined up to that time. 
MAAssEN, JUNE, 1906. 
Another paper appeared by Maassen,! in which he briefly refers to 
a disease which he says is known to the bee keepers as ‘‘stone brood.” 
The condition, he says, is characterized by the hard, leathery, 
brittle, odorless, and mummylike masses into which the larve and 
pupe of bees are transformed with no marked change in their form. 
Accompanying the condition is a higher death rate among the adult 
bees. 
_ The peculiar change in the brood was attributed to a fungus that 
grows well at a warm temperature, and whose characteristics when 
studied in pure cultures were found to be similar to those of Asper- 
gillus flavus. The method of transmission of this germ was not 
determined. According to the observations that were made it was 
supposed that bees were very susceptible to the disease. This was 
especially true if the temperature was high or the hive was badly 
ventilated, and it was therefore recommended that these conditions 
be avoided in the treatment of the disease. Maassen expresses the 
belief that ‘stone brood”’ has often been referred to by bee keepers 
as “black brood,’ ‘‘new bee disease,” ‘‘bee pest,’ and “pickled 
brood.” 
We are not familiar with the condition ‘‘stone brood,” and we are 
not aware of its presence in America. The symptoms given do not 
correspond to those observed in the so-called black brood or in the 
pickled brood that are met with in this country. It is intimated in 
Maassen’s paper that a publication on the mycotic diseases of bees 
was being prepared. 
1 Maassen, Dr. Albert, June, 1906. Die Aspergillusmykose der Bienen. Mitteilungen aus der kaiser- 
lichen biologischen Anstalt fiir Land- und Forstwirtschaft. Heft 2, pp. 30-31. 
