CHESHIRE AND CHEYNE, AUGUST, 1885. 25 
to entertain such hopes. It might at first seem to the reader that 
Cheyne was jointly responsible with Cheshire in these statements, 
but it will be learned later that the responsibility is with the latter. 
CHESHIRE, OCTOBER 15, 1884. 
In another paper' which appeared one month later, Cheshire 
considers the possibility of the transmission of foul brood from 
drones at the time of mating. He received from a bee keeper a 
queen that had accompanied a swarm, and after beginning to lay for 
the new colony she ceased after about 6 square inches of comb had 
been filled and never laid again. Upon post-mortem examination 
the ovaries and spermatheca were apparently normal to the naked 
eye. The contents of the spermatheca were examined under the 
microscope and many bacilli were found among the spermatozoa. 
An inflamed condition of the mucous gland and valves was reported 
to be present, and this fact was given as the probable reason why the 
oviposition had been arrested. The theory advanced by Cheshire 
to account for the disease was that the colony had recently cast a 
swarm unobserved, and that the queen which had been sent him for 
examination was a young one and in mating had contracted from 
the drone the condition that was observed microscopically. This 
supposition seemed probable to him, because he had seen what he 
identified as being Bacillus alvei among the spermatozoa of drones 
taken from foul-brood colonies. 
Cheshire cites another case: A queen had been sent to him with 
the information that she was an old one. Upon examination he con- 
cluded, on the contrary, that she was young and badly diseased, since 
among the spermatozoa, as in the first case, many bacilli were ob- 
served. Naturally from such observations Cheshire did not prove 
that the cause of foul brood could be transmitted from drone to queen 
at time of mating. 
CHESHIRE AND CHEYNE, AucusT, 1885. 
The paper which was prepared by Cheshire and Cheyne? con- 
jointly, as the result of the work mentioned in this quotation, was 
read on March 11, 1885, and was published in August, 1885. It 
appears in two parts. Part I, written by Cheshire, considers the 
pathogenic history of “Bacillus alvei,” and Part II deals with the 
history of Bacillus alvei under cultivation, which is the portion 
written by Cheyne. The part written by Cheshire contains a sum- 
1 Cheshire, Frank R., October 15, 1884. A new discovery with regard to bacillus disease. Diseased 
spermatheca. British Bee Journal, Vol. XII, No. 156, pp. 355-356. 
2 Cheshire, Frank R., F. R. M.S., F. L. S., and Cheyne, W. Watson, M. B., F. R. C. S., August, 1885. 
The pathogenic history and history under cultivation ofa new bacilius (B. alvei), the cause of a disease of 
the hive bee hitherto known as foul brood. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, Ser. II, Vol. 
V, Part 2, Plates X and XI, pp. 581-601. 
