99° HISTORICAL NOTES ON BEE DISEASES. 
was nearly free from disease. After a long search only two or 
three bacilli were found in this latter ovary. Cheshire now believed, 
apparently, that he had demonstrated the disease in young larve, 
in older larve, in pupe, in drones, in workers just gnawing out of 
the cell, in young nurse bees, in old, worn-out bees, and finally in 
the queen and eggs unlaid. Such data as are offered here by Cheshire, 
of course, areinsufficient to prove any etiological relation of a bacterium 
to a disease. 
CHESHIRE, SEPTEMBER 1, 1884. 
In an earlier paper (p. 19) Cheshire adhered to the view held 
by Dzierzon and others, that foul brood was of two kinds. 
The view which he expresses in a later article! is that there is 
but one disease and that one is caused by Bacillus alver. After he 
had examined a number of samples of comb affected with the disease 
he reached the conclusion that Dzierzon was in error in asserting 
that there were two kinds of foul brood, one mild, the other malig- 
nant. While all cases of foul brood, he says, are due to Bacillus alver 
and to this extent are identical, yet in some cases the spores of this 
organism are larger, more robust, and more virulent than in others. 
When the disease manifests itself early in the development of the 
brood he contends that it is more difficult to cure, if any difference 
exists, than when the symptoms appear later in the disease. He 
contends further that if this disorder is due to the disease lurking 
in the queen she must be removed. 
The doubt that was entertained as to the effectiveness of the car- 
bolized sirup treatment caused Cheshire to perform another experi- 
ment. Ina healthy colony he placed, on August 6, six combs secured 
from more than one source, and all affected with foul brood. On the 
following morning he poured medicated sirup into the combs. Similar 
feedings were continued daily in liberal quantities until the sixth 
morning. After this a tin-pan feeder was used, which was not allowed 
to become empty of sirup. Eggs were laid and brood reared in the 
foul-brood combs which had been inserted. Almost all the larvee 
that were reared were healthy. Many of those that were near the 
lower edge of these frames, however, were affected and passed through 
the first stages of the disease. These larve later disappeared by being 
carried out, it was supposed, by the workers. Only three or four 
sealed cells with diseased brood now remained, and it was believed 
that these would be cleaned out by the bees as soon as the cappings 
were broken. With these exceptions, he says, the hives were, on 
August 23, as perfect.as could be desired. Following the description 
of his experiment, Cheshire writes: 
1 Cheshire, Frank R., September 1,1884. The Cheshire treatment of Bacillus alvei (foul brood). British 
Bee Journal, Vol. XII, No. 153, pp. 294-296. 
