(7) Sanitation — cleanly or uncleanly habits; place and manner of urination 



and defecation; condition of dens, nests, burrows, trails; bathing — 

 dust baths, mud baths, sun baths, water baths; care of fur or hair, 

 scratching, combing, cleaning, biting, personal toilet. 



(8) Flocking or nonf locking — solitary habits; gregariousness; association 



of the same or of different kinds of mammals in pairs, groups, or 

 herds; seasonal aspects; whether groups are built about the family or 

 are associations of individuals according to age, sex, or other condi- 

 tions; advantages of groups; comparison of behavior of individuals 

 alone and in herds; mob psychology; coordination of activities in 

 group, synchronous responses to same stimulus. 



(9) Hibernation, estivation, and other periodic phenomena- -dates of entering 



upon and emerging from hibernation and estivation; causes of hibernation 

 and estivation, as related to altitude, climate, soil physiology, food, 

 and water; weight, activity, and other characteristics of animals 

 before, during, and after such period; details as to completeness or 

 incompleteness of torpidity; occasional dormancy (controlling factors); 

 movements or activities, and intermittent waking while hibernating or 

 estivating; place of hibernation or estivation; habits associated there- 

 with; body temperatures of hibernating or estivating mammals at dif- 

 ferent periods; temperatures of hibernating or estivating chambers, 

 comparisons with outside temperatures; seasonal changes in food, in 

 feces; hibernaria and other technical equipment for studying hibernating 

 animals under controlled conditions. 



(10) Migration — movements of mammals, notably of bats, rodents, and ungulates; 



dates of appearance and disappearance; extent and direction of move- 

 ments, local and general; causes of migration, food supply climatic, 

 physiological; unusual migratory movements, as those caused by irrup- 

 tions of lemmings and mice, and squirrel migrations, with conditions, 

 causes, and extent. 



(11) Adaptations and maladaptations— intelligence; overdevelopment and under- 



development of instinct; beneficial and harmful instincts; cooperation; 

 movements and attitudes, freezing, slinking, running, crouching, 

 hiding, trailing; shelter ways or avenues of retreat; conspicuous 

 adaptation or lack thereof to new conditions; habits formerly beneficial, 

 now harmful* 



(12) Miscellaneous peculiarities of habit — carrying propensities, as of wood 



rat; scratching and rolling habits, as of wolf, coyote, and mountain 

 lion; other peculiarities. 



Lower Mammals and Man 



A. Finding and counting mammals. 



(1) Means of detecting presence of particular species--form of tracks, 

 distances between footfalls, differences in tracks with various 



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