In most of the ccses observed "this ranthvod did not r,ir-o corLpletc protoctioTi, 

 although It- r. fovs it v.t.s cle-'-rly cuccossful-* In localities t'hore the crops 

 cittackod arc gorniinr-tcd in v7ator-saturc.tod soil .-^r ?vro irrif^atcd several 

 tines during the poricd .'f attevcl:, this r.ioth ^d hr.s little nerit. 



ST/.KES ai:d flags 



Fcxt in imrit in the progrossivo study oC homod lark repulsion is the 

 "stako and flag" Liothod-. Here stak^-^s, often laths, are fixed in the soil and 

 strips ^f cloth or paper rttachod tv thoir tops, Thrt "flag" usually is tied 

 t ■ the top of the stak.e i."ith a short string, but sometiinos it is tacked in 

 thr.t position. Flagging affords crop pr'-tection in direct ratio to the density 

 of sta"' OS and flags, and to tho care given in replacing flags torn c.vrtiy by wind 

 or r-ain. F r conpleto protection the stales cannot safc;ly be placed ir.orG than 

 2^ foot apart in each direction, and in the case k.f persistent attack should be 

 n':^t r,i^-rs than 20 feet apart* 



COKHIUOUS STRIrG FLAGGIl^G 



The best ■. f the protective inethods observed, namely, "c-ntinu.ous string 

 flagging," has cone into -wide u.se during the past fev." soas-ns. The raatorials 

 necessary are : 



Heavy stakes, such as laths or c-" r strips, at least li feet long* 



Strong cotton 'v.''rapping tvvine, 1+- or 6-ply. 



Paper or cloth streanors, 2 tj 2 1/2 inches v;ido, 20 to 21; inches long, 



Tho stakes are driven firj.\ly into tho ground, and may be 'yO or n^'re feet 

 apart in the roxr, Tiioso at each end nust be bracec^ . (See accompanying 

 il lust rati 'in.) 



The cotton v:rapping tv.-ine is stretched from Stake t'.: stake, half-hitched 

 about the top of each, c. n.tinuously across tho field. Tho cord'i;sGd need not 

 be lorge, but oiust bo strong enough t^ T.dthstand t?iO strain of ten or moro 

 streamers ti each ^0-foot section, in tho prevailing ^■\'inds jf tho district 

 vhero used. Four-ply c>jttor v.rapping t'oino is standard. 



Paper ■ r cl'.^th stroa.niers 2 t. 2 l/2 inchus i/ide by 20 to 2li. inches long 

 are prepared. Thoso stroanors shoulv- be fastened to ttio cord at 5-f-'<:"''t ii"^- 

 tervals, naking 10 stroar\-rs t. each ^G~foot section beti^'eon the sto-kes. 

 Tho^r; is r.'j det'inite rule in rego.rd t^ 'tho niaterial of \'hich streamers are 

 made. In general, v.hite ci -th or papjr is us':^d; cl-oth is "f course m.ore 

 durable, '..hen cloth is i;.sod, a goo'd quality ■•■f heavily sized muslin is pre- 

 ferable j lighter grades vdll Yrev.r out by ivhipping in tho -•ind and may curl 

 up and roll into strings that have little effect. 



Old neivspapers nay bo used, but any soft paper lacks durability and it 

 takes time to replace th-so that tear av.'ay, Hoav3'' butcher* s paper is fairly 

 cheap, quite durable, and sufficiently light in color tc worir: effectively. 

 Some groivers \ise black or varic l.-rod streamers 'vith succossjbut it appears 

 that color has little ti d ; with the effectiveness of tho method, and that the 

 m-^tion '-^f tho stroam'ors is the najor feature of value. Unless for a local 

 reason, hov/ever, there -is distirict oc nomy in tho use -f co'l^ired streamiers, 



7 



