56 THE LEPIDOPTERIST’S CALENDAR 
LARV:] JUNE. 
From the end of this month to August, the delicate green larva of P. Machaon may be 
found in fens and marshes, feeding on umbelliferous plants. This, the largest of our 
Butterflies, never thrives when removed from its marshy habitat; all attempts to natu- 
ralize it in other localities having failed. The late Mr John Wolley once turned out a la 
number of the perfect insects in the neighbourhood of Matlock, and in the autumn of the 
same year the larve were found feeding on the common fennel; but only an occasional 
straggler of the perfect insect was seen the following season. A similar experiment has 
been tried in Devonshire, and as soon as the Imagos emerged from the chrysalis, they were 
pursued and devoured by swallows. Birds often snap up a Butterfly when on the wing at 
some height from the ground, and the severed wings sailing slowly downwards are all that 
remain to tell the tale. 
Towards the end of the month, G. Rhamni may be found of all sizes on the two Buck- 
thorns, R. Catharticus and ce Sloe bushes in the neighbourhood of woods should 
be beaten this month for T. Betule. 
Cc. a aa pe taken at night by visiting the trees which can be seen to have 
been bored hy this strong-smelling three-year wood-feeder. If roughly handled, it feigns 
death for some time. 
C. Spinula is found on mountain ash, as well as hawthorn and sloe. The ordinary 
food-plant of P. Fusca is bramble, but it is also found on sloe, and other plants. It 
moves about in a case composed of crossed pieces of leaf, grass Wc. It is two years feeding. 
. Crategi are extremely various in their appearance. Though hawthorn is their food- 
lant they will eat plum, &c. They often die whilst changing their fourth skin. L. Trifolii 
is seldom found far from the coast; and when a number are removed from their habitat, 
there is generally a large per-centage of deaths. L. Griseola, though a lichen-feeder, will 
not refuse sallow and other plants. With L. Complannla, M. Miniata, and G0. Quadra, it 
should not be sought for later than the Deataning of this month, or ae better at the end 
of May, as all these species are often -fed at that period, and if left too late, may be 
a be ichneumoned. 1. Complanula is more especially found on the lichens on ash 
and elm. 
ee Pelpiie has a knack of wriggling off the branch it is on, as soon as the branch is 
touched. P. Cassinea lies close along the poecie of a leaf, and is not easily seen. Though 
elm and hazel are its favourite food, it will eat of almost any tree; as also will P. Populi. 
P. Cassinea, cet not genpely full-fed until this month, is sometimes more forward; it 
should, therefore, also be looked for in May. 
The little black ones of ©. Bifida and Furcula may be now found on the upper side of 
the leaf of poplars, willows, and sallows; whilst on the under side of the leaves of birch, the 
white ones of L. Dictmwoides, N. Dromedarius, and L, Camelina may be seen; on poplars 
and sallows, those of L. Dictwe, N. Ziczac, and P. Palpina; and on maple, those of 
L. Cucullina. The eggs of C. Munitata hatch this month, and hybernate to March. 
X. Lithoxylea, M. Strigilis, ,, Literosa, G. Trilinea, C. Morpheus, and many others, may 
be found on elder, red currant, beans, &c., by ee them with a lantern at night. The 
larva of C. Exoleta now begins to feed upon dock, bladder campion, &c. M. Oxyacanthe 
are easily found at night. ey fall to the ground the moment they are touched. B. Nothu 
is more frequently found on aspen than sallow. When full-fed it eats some depth into 
rotten wood, and then assumes the pupa state. TT. Rubricosa will eat elm as well as dock. 
G. Flayago is oftener found in the stems of the welted thistle (C. Acanthoides,) than in other 
kinds. A. Tragopogonis prefers columbine to anything else, eating the seed-pods. A. Apri- 
lina may be found in the day-time, hiding in the crevices of oak trunks. 
BE. Fuseantaria may be beaten from its food tree, small, at the end of the month. Ash 
is its favourite food. Old junipers in gardens and shrubberies should be searched to the 
middle of oe month for 8. Sobrinata. E. Erosaria will eat birch, though its favourite 
food is oak. 
The long slender case of T. Pseudo-bombycella, which has hybernated, may be found 
in this and the oleate month on the lichen-covered trunks of beech, oak, &e. G. 
Syringella is most frequently found on young ash trees. 8. Pruni, which feeds this month 
on plum, seems proved to be the second brood of P. Opacella. 
