TAPILIONIDAE 355 



This group consists of only a few genera, though l'apilio 

 itself is very rich in species. Most of the insects contained in 

 it aro of large size, variously but often splendidly coloured. 



Ovum spherical, smooth. Larva stout, with few hairs. 

 Pupa attached by the tail and a central belt of silk. 



Besides the following, four other species (Papilio podalirius, 

 L. ; Thais rumina, L. ; Parnassius apollo, L., and P. delius, 

 Esp.) have been taken in Britain, but there is practically no 

 doubt that all were artificially introduced as larvae or pupae. 



1. Papilio, L. 



Eyes glabrous. Club of antennae abrupt. Forewings : 

 transverse vein angulated on 5, 8 out of 7, 9 connate with 7. 

 Uindwings with deep hairy dorsal groove beneath. 



An exceedingly large genus, principally inhabiting tropical 

 regions ; only four species occur in Europe proper. The large 

 size of the imagos, and their elegant shape and colouring cause 

 this to be perhaps the most attractive group of the Lepidoptera. 

 Larva with retractile extensible forked tentacle on back of 2, 

 which emits a strong penetrating odour, as of decayed pine- 

 apple. 



1. P. machaon, L. 72-100 mm. Forewings light dull 

 yellow ; veins broadly black ; a large black basal patch irrorated 

 with yellow ; three black transverse blotches beneath costa 

 posteriorly ; a black subtcrminal band, often irrorated with 

 yellow : a narrow black terminal fascia. Hindwings with 

 colour, narrow basal patch, and terminal fascia as in forewings; 

 veins slenderly black ; a black subtcrminal band, enclosing 

 spots of light blue irroration, and a round dull red tornal 

 spot ; termen dentate, with very long narrow projection 

 on 4. 



England to York, always local, now extinct except in the 

 fens of Norfolk, Cambridge, and Hunts, where it is still locally 

 common ; Europe, N. and WC. Asia, N. Africa ; 5-8. Larva 

 pale green ; incisions deep purplish, black-edged ; a black 

 transverse median bar on each segment, bearing six orange 

 tubercles; tentacle pinkish-red ; head yellow, black-marked: on 

 Peucedanum, Heradeum, Angelica, etc. ; 6-8. 



7. HESPERIADAE. 

 Eyes glabrous. Club of antennae large, strong ; basal joint 



