GEOGRAPHY. 19 



C. Into the Pacific there empty the Columbia or Oregon, the Sacramento 

 and Joaquin, the Colorado and the Gila, and some smaller streams. 



Lakes. 1. South America has but few lakes, and those of small extent ; 

 the largest are Titicaca in Peru, area 1000 square miles, and Lake Maracaibo 

 (area 1200 square miles) connected with the Gulf of Venezuela. 



2. In Central America, Lake Nicaragua. 



3. In North America : Lake Superior, 35,000 square miles ; Lake Huron, 

 20,000 ; Michigan, 25,000 ; Erie, 10,000 ; Ontario, 8,200. All of these arc 

 connected in one continuous series, discharging their waters through the St. 

 Lawrence River. Lake Champlain, 900 square miles, is an offset of the same 

 system : Lake Winnepeg, 12,500, drained by Nelson's River ; Great Slave 

 Lake, 13,500 : Athabasca, 3500 ; and Great Bear Lake, 9000 square miles ; 

 all these empty into the Arctic Ocean by Mackenzie River. The Great West- 

 ern Basin contains two remarkable lakes, one (the Great Salt Lake) about 

 seventy miles long, with its waters saturated with salt ; the other, and con- 

 nected with the latter, Utah Lake, containing fresh water. It is between these 

 two lakes that the Mormons have established the nucleus of their new State of 

 Deseret. 



Islands, K. In the Atlantic : «, North A^nerica. Southampton in 

 Hudson's Bay ; xAnticosti, Prince Edward's, and Cape Breton, in the Gulf 

 of St. Lawrence ; Newfoundland, Long Island, and the Bermudas. 6, 

 West Indies. The Bahamas, among which is San Salvador or Guanahani, 

 discovered by Columbus in 1492 ; the four greater Antilles, viz. Cuba, 43,380 

 square miles ; Hayti or St. Domingo, 29,400 ; Jamaica, 5,520 ; and Porto 

 Rico, 3865 ; the lesser Antilles, which constitute an arc, extending from 

 Porto Rico to Trinidad. The largest are Trinidad, Guadaloupe, Martinique, 

 Barbadoes, Tobago, Dominica ; Margarita, Curacao, and others, lie on the 

 north coast of South America, c. South America. Fernando de Noronha 

 and Trinidad on the coast of Brazil : the Falkland Islands ; Terra del 

 Fuego, Staten Land, I'Hermite, and others to the south of South America ; 

 New or South Georgia, Sandwich Land, South Shetland, and the South 

 Orkneys. 



B. In the Pacific Ocean : a, North America. Kodiak, Sitka, Washington 

 or Charlotte, Vancouver, Prince of Wales, &.c. 6, South America, The 

 Gallapagos, San Felix, Ambrosia, Juan Fernandez, De la Campana, Madre de 

 Dios, the Chiloe Islands. 



C. In the Arctic Ocean : Melville Islands, Discoe, &c. 



D. In the xVntarctic Ocean : there are obscure indications of islands in 

 the Antarctic Ocean, some of which are probably portions of an Antarctic 

 continent. 



For the explanation of isothermal lines, and of the lines marking the boun- 

 daries of various plants, as marked on the physical charts of North and South 

 America, wx would refer our readers to the article on Europe. 



5. Australia {Plate 32). 



Australia, sometimes called Australasia, is the name given to an 



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