26 GEOGRAPHY. 



Savia on the Sau, and the province of Valeria between Raab, the Danube, 

 and the Drau. To Upper Pannonia belonged the cities of Vindobona (now 

 Vienna), and Emona (now Laibach) ; to Lower Pannonia the cities of 

 Arabona (now Raab). Acincum (now Ofen), Acimincum (now Peterwardin), 

 Taurunum (now Semlin), Sinnium, the Largest town in Pannonia, now in 

 ruins. Noricnm divided into Noricum Ripense in the north, and 

 Noricum Mediterraneum in the South, including the greater part of Austria, 

 Styria, Carinthia, and Salzburg, and embraced the cities of Lentia (now 

 Linz), Juvavia (now Salzburg), Noreja, Celeja (now Cilly), Laureacum 

 (now Lorch). Here belonged in addition the following provinces : 

 Vindelicia, subsequently called Rhsetia Secunda, including north-eastern 

 Switzerland, south-eastern Baden, the most SDuthern portion of Wurtem- 

 berg and Bavaria, with the northern part of Tyrol, and Rh?etia (Augusta 

 Yiudelicorum, now Augsburg ; Regina, now Regensburg or Ratisbon ; 

 Campodunum, now Kempten : Brigantium, now Bregenz : Batavia Castra, 

 now Passau) ; Rhcctia j^rima, now" Graubiinden and Tyrol, with a part of 

 Lombardy (Tridentum, now Trient ; Yeldidena, noAV Wilten ; Teriole 

 Oeni Pons, now Ipnspruck : Clavenna, now Chiavenna ; Curia, now 

 Chur). 



To the Diocese of Africa belonged the following provinces ; Cyrenaica 

 or Pentapolis (Ptolemais, now Tolometa ; Arsinae, now Tochira ; Berenice, 

 now Benegasi ; Cyrcne the capital) ; Syrtica^ or Tripolitana (with three 

 capitals, Leptis Magna or Neapolis, now Lebida ; Oea or Oeca, now Tripoli ; 

 Sabrata). Africa proper, or the province of Africa, divided into the 

 districts of Byzacium in the south (Adrumetum ; Tysdrus ; Capsa) and 

 Ze7igitana in the north (Tunes, now Tunis ; Carthage, once the capital of 

 the mighty Carthagiuian nation, but long since in ruins ; Utica next in 

 importance to Carthage. Numidia, the present Algiers (Thabraca, now 

 Tabarca ; Hippo Regius, now Bona ; in the interior, Zama, and Cirta, now 

 Constantine). Mauritania divided into two provinces ; the eastern, M. 

 CcEsariensis (capital C?esarea) ; and the western, M. Tingitana (capital 

 Tingis, now Tangiers). Under Diocletian or Constantine, Mauritania 

 Cagsariensis was divided into two provinces, Caesariensis in the Avest, and 

 Sitifensis in the east : M. Tingitana was united with the Diocese of 

 Spain. 



The Second Prefecture of Gallia consisted of three dioceses ; Gallia 

 in its restricted sense, Hispania, and Britannia. Gallia (the present France, 

 with Belgium, Holland, and parts of Germany, Italy, and Switzerland) was 

 divided by the Emperor Augustus into the four provinces, Narbonensis, Aqui- 

 tanica, Lugdunensis, and Belgica, which, however, were divided by 

 Constantine the Great or even by Diocletian into fourteen, and still later 

 into seventeen provinces. Gallia Narbonensis or Braccata, the oldest 

 Roman province before the time of Julius Cassar, was separated into five 

 provinces : Narbonensis Prima et Secunda, Alpes Maritimse, Viennensis, 

 Alpes Graiae, and Pennin?e ; it also included the provinces of Languedoc, 

 Roussillon, Provence, Dauphiny, with the greater part of Savoy, Piedmont, 

 and the cantons of Geneva and Yalais (Narbo Mantius, now Narbonne, the 

 26 



