GEOGRAPHY. 31 



Egypt ; Memphis, capital of the Avhole of Egypt ; Oxjrynchus, now Beh- 

 nese ; Ilermopolis Magna, now Achraimim. 3. Tipper Egypt, or Thebais ; 

 Tentyra, now Denderah ; Captos, now Keft ; Thebes, one of the oldest towns 

 in Egypt and the whole world ; Syene, now Assuan. 



The Diocese Orient (in its more limited sense) was divided into fifteen 

 provinces : PaljBstina Prima, Secunda, and Tertia or Salutaris ; Phoenicia ; 

 Phoenicia Libani ; Syria Prima and Salutaris ; Cilicia Prima and Secunda ; 

 Cyprus, Euphratensis, Osrhoene, Mesopotamia, Arabia Petraea, and Isauria ; 

 Palaestina or Judsea was divided into the region this side and beyond the 

 Jordan. The former Avas cut up by the Romans into three districts, Galilasa 

 in the north, Samaria in the middle, and Judaea in the south (the southern 

 part of the latter was sometimes called Idumaea). The land beyond 

 Jordan or Persea was divided into six districts, Trachonitis or Trachon, 

 Ituraea, Gaulanitis. Auranitis, Batanaea, Perasa. Of these provinces sub- 

 sequently erected, Palcestina Prima embraced the largest and most north- 

 ern part of Judaea with Samaria : P. Secunda. Galila3a and the northern 

 part of Peraea ; P. Tertia, southern Periea, the southern part of Judaea 

 and a portion of Arabia Petraea. Prominent towns besides Jerusalem 

 the chief capital, are Caesarea ; Joppa. now Jaffa ; Jericho, now Richa 

 Ascalon, now Askalan ; and Gaza ; all in Judaea. In Phcenicia. are Tripolis 

 now Tripoli or Tarablus ; Berytus, now Beirut : Sidon, now Saida ; Tyre 

 the most important city of all ; Aca, subsequently Ptolemais, and now Acca 

 or St. Jean d'Acre. Syria, the present Soristan, was divided into two 

 principal portions. Upper Syria, or Syria proper, and Lower Syria, usually 

 called Ooelosyria ; the latter was the more southern portion, and, in a wider 

 sense, likewise included Phoenicia and Pali^stina. The Romans divided 

 Upper Syria into ten provinces, Comagene, Cyrrhestica, Pieria, Seleucis, 

 Chalcidice, Chalybonitis, Palmyrene, Laodicene, Apamene, Cassiotis. Con- 

 stantino the Great, however, united the two first into one province, Euphra- 

 tensis ; and Theodosius the younger divided the rest of the land into Syria 

 Prima (the northern part, capital Antioch) and S. Secunda, or Salutaris 

 (the southern part, capital xA-pamea). The most important towns were 

 Samosata, capital of Comagene ; Hieropolis, or Bambyce, capital of Cyr- 

 rhestica, and subsequently of the whole province Euphratensis ; Seleucia 

 in Seleucis ; in Palmyrene, Palm^'ra, now Tadmor ; in Apamene, Aparaea, 

 capital of Syria Secunda ; Emesa. now Hems, capital of Phoenicia Libane- 

 sia; in Cassiotis, Antiocha on the Orontes, now Antakia : in Coelosyria, 

 Damascus, now Damaschk, and Heliopolis, now Baalbec. Cilicia, the most 

 south-eastern coast land of the peninsula of Asia Minor, was separated 

 into two parts, Cilicia proper, or level Cilicia, the largest and eastern 

 portion, now Adana ; and rugged Cilicia, or Tracheotis, the western portion, 

 now called Itschil. Theodosius II, divided the former into two provinces. 

 Cilicia Prima (the western part) and C. Secunda. (the eastern). The 

 original capital of Cilicia was Tarsus, now Tarso. Rough Cilicia became 

 an appendage to Isauria. The province of Cyprus included only the 

 island Cyprus (capital Salamis, subsequently Constantia). Mesopotamia, 

 the region between the Euphrates and the Tigris, was divided into two parts, 



31 



